Sigmund Freud, the founder of the psychoanalysis approach, which is one of the methods of analyzing the literary text, is the first practitioner of the psychoanalytic literary criticism technique with his analysis of texts such as William Wilhelm Jensen’s Gradiva, Shakespeare’s Hamlet, and Wilhelm Hoffmann’s Sandman. (Nas, 2009, p1). Today, many books have been examined and handled according to the psychoanalytic approach. So much so that the strength of the relationship between psychoanalytic approach and literary approaches is undeniable.
The relationship of psychoanalysis with literature has been in a whole since Freud developed psychoanalysis. Although the psychoanalysis approach was handled by Freud, the first person to apply it in the field of literature before Freud was the director of the Vienna Imperial Theater, Alfred von Berger (Yıldız, 2014, p.6). Berger, who closely followed Freud’s approach to psychoanalysis, examined the works of the period with analytical approaches.
“Many texts have been written on the application of psychoanalysis in the field of literature, from the studies Freud made on writers such as Leonardo da Vinci, Shakespare, Goethe, Dostoevsky, in which he reflected his views, and today, readers consciously look at the works from the window of psychoanalysis and see what the author hides to the characters. they understand the qualities better” (Yıldız, 2014, p.7). The differences in the psychoanalyst approach in the analyzes made on the works are also striking since the period when Freud did his analysis studies.
One of the characteristics of contemporary psychoanalyst theorists is that they do not accept the conflict situation created by sexuality and aggression as a different approach to the psychoanalytic theory developed by Freud. They emphasize that the basis of aggression and accompanying conflict situations is a situation that arises due to some deprivations rather than being natural (Cebeci, 2004). This and similar differences of opinion are seen not only in the field of literature, but also in the years when the psychoanalytic approach initiated by Freud was born, and in the following processes, with his friends who initially followed his footsteps and later had a disagreement.
In the psychoanalysis movement initiated by Freud, many scientists contribute to psychoanalysis by following Freud’s footsteps or criticizing his ideas. These scientists, led by names such as Anna Freud, Carl Gustav Jung, Melanie Klein, Otto Rank, Alfred Adler, Heinz Kohut and Jacque Lacan, broke up with Freud in some way, with the exception of his daughter Anna. They took psychoanalysis one step further.(Yıldız, 2014, p.2)
According to Freud’s psychoanalysis approach, if we make an analysis on Zebercet, the main character of Yusuf Atılgan’s 1974 novel Anayurt Oteli, we can see that Zebercet, the main character, and other characters of the book, as well as the floors of the hotel, are described in detail for the reader in the first pages of the book. we’ll see.
First of all, let’s talk about the parts where Zebercet’s Oedipal conflicts are seen. As can be understood from the novel, the author refers to the comparisons between Zebercet and his father. It is emphasized that the towels in the hotel were stolen less during the period when his father was the manager, compared to the period when Zebercet was the manager. In these parts of the novel, the author makes a comparison between Zebercet and his father over the towels of the hotel.
“There may be an air of intimidation and intimidation of thieves in the outward appearance of his father. (This must be the most rotten of reasons: Rüstem Bey, who used to come from İzmir every two or three months to collect the hotel bill, once when Zebercet was sixteen years old, when he didn’t even have a mustache, stroked his hair once and said, ‘Hey, it fell from his father’s.’)” (Atılgan , 2017, p.21).
The comparison between Zebercet and his father, which the author also mentions in these lines, brings to mind the case of Zebercet cutting his mustache while waiting for the woman who came by the delayed Ankara train in the later parts of the novel. Was the underlying situation of this event a rebellion?
In another part of the novel, when he asks the name of the young man he met the night he went to watch the cockfights, Zebercet replies, ‘Ahmet’. It is the name of Ahmet Zebercet’s father, who was a population clerk for a while. In another similar incident, Zebercet talks about the registry office where his father worked for a while, when the old man he met while sitting on a bench asked what he was doing.
In Freudian psychoanalysis, the boy’s feelings for the father are dual. On the one hand, the boy who takes it as his duty to eliminate the father figure, whom he sees as his rival, is in hostile feelings, on the other hand, he always harbors a love for the father in his soul, balancing this hostile attitude and love and reveals his father identification. (Uğurlu, 2007, p.1722). Zebercet reflects traces of the Oedipal conflict; On the one hand, the boy’s desire to imitate the father he admires, and on the other, the idea of seeing him as a rival and eliminating him and taking his place. In this period of the Oedipal conflict, the boy pushes the grudge, hatred and paternal love towards the father, which is formed by the fear that he will be castrated by the father, out of consciousness. We see the love of the father, as well as the grudge and hatred that Zebercet pushed unconscious as a result of the oedipal conflict, and the situation of comparing himself with the father, as in the lines I mentioned above.
According to psychoanalysis, in the process that drove Zebercet to suicide, traces of his failure to fulfill his ego ideal father’s order are seen. At the beginning of the novel, the room number 1, where the woman who came with the delayed Ankara train was staying, is depicted, while the painting that her father bought from the flea market one day in the past is mentioned. His father said to Zebercet, “My son Zebercet, when I die, you will not give this room to anyone as soon as it happens. A hotel needs a room like this.” We see what you say. (Atilgan, 2017, p.12). Zebercet deems only one person worthy of this room; the woman arriving by the delayed Ankara train. The woman does not return to the hotel. Zebercet, who cannot accept that the woman he loves does not come at the end of his hopeful waiting, commits suicide. Behind Zebercet’s act of suicide lies the guilt of not being able to fulfill his father’s order. Unconsciously, Zebercet, who is constantly imposed on the ego by his super-ego, executes the superego’s orders by killing himself.
Let’s talk about Zebercet’s relationship with the womanizer Zeynep. Zeynep, who stays in the room in the attic of the hotel and does daily chores, is portrayed in the novel as an object that Zebercet tries to satisfy her sexual desires. I said that he tried to satisfy because Zebercet experiences the sexuality he has constructed with fantasic elements about the woman who comes with the delayed Ankara train he falls in love with. However, we cannot call this experience a lovemaking experience. Because the co-worker does not respond to Zebercet in any way. The housewife, whose sleep is very heavy, reflects on the reader as she is constantly asleep when she fulfills the role of Zebercet’s sexual object. On the one hand, Zebercet, who cannot fully realize her own sexual pleasure, on the other hand, feels inadequate due to not being able to satisfy Zeynep’s deprivation (penis deprivation). The basis of this deprivation I mentioned is based on the oedipal conflict. For the boy in Oedipal conflict, the mother lacks the penis that she and her rival father figure have. The mother spends time with the father and also establishes close relations with the father. The fact that the boy, who has the same organ as the father, realizes that the only thing that turns the mother towards the father is not having a penis, shows his absence from other things. (Nas, 2009, p.8). The feeling of inadequacy that Zebercet feels because of fulfilling Zeynep’s deprivation is based on the same oedipal conflict. In other words, the co-worker should disappear. This thought is a factor that pushes Zebercet to kill the womanizer.
When we look at Zebercet’s relationship with the Retired Officer, one of the characters mentioned in the novel, we see the traces of an obvious rivalry between the two. Retired Officer’s first arrival at the hotel coincides with the departure date of the woman arriving by the delayed Ankara train. Zebercet gave this old man room number two, despite the retired Officer’s request for room 1 where the woman was staying. Upon this incident, Zebercet, who thinks that there is a connection between the Retired Officer and the woman he fell in love with, begins to see the Retired Officer as a rival from that moment on. Moreover, we see evidence that the old man’s presence in the hotel disturbs Zebercet with each passing day and restricts his space.
“Adam’s sitting in the living room in the afternoons and at night made Zebercet uneasy, causing the comfort of his loneliness, for example, getting up and walking around the hall as he used to, and restricting some movement areas.” (Atilgan, 2017, p.28).
Finally, I would like to touch on the relationship between the floors of the hotel and Zebercet’s id, ego and superego. Anayurt hotel consists of three floors. The ground floor, also the first floor, is the part of the hotel where Zebercet greets incoming customers and keeps track of those staying at the hotel. At the same time, he has normal relations with people on this floor. Let’s call this solid the Ego. Room 1 is the room that Zebercet gave to the woman who came with the delayed train to Ankara. In this room of the hotel, Zebercet sometimes fantasizes about the woman he loves, tries to get pleasure, and sometimes the pleasure is blocked by the Retired Officer. We mentioned that the Retired Officer prevented Zebercet’s phantasms and free movement. The second floor where the Retired Officer stays at this point is the Superego. Room 1 is a battleground between the ground floor, which I call the Ego, and the second floor, where the Retired Officer, whom I call the Superego, is staying. The second floor is also the floor where Zebercet hanged himself at the end of the novel. Zebercet carried out the Superego’s death order by hanging himself in the Retired Officer’s room. The attic, that is, the third floor, is the area where Zebercet takes pleasure from his fantasies on the co-worker and is not exposed to the slightest conflict or resistance. Just as the Id that I mentioned in the structural model is not subject to any obstacles in order to reach the point of pleasure, the attic, which is one of the floors of the hotel, does not encounter any obstacles or resistance when Zebercet is with the co-host to satisfy his sexual desires. At this point we can also call the attic the Id.
Sigmund Freud, the founder of the psychoanalysis approach, which is one of the methods of analyzing the literary text, is the first practitioner of the psychoanalytic literary criticism technique with his analysis of texts such as William Wilhelm Jensen’s Gradiva, Shakespeare’s Hamlet, and Wilhelm Hoffmann’s Sandman. (Nas, 2009, p1). Today, many books have been examined and handled according to the psychoanalytic approach. So much so that the strength of the relationship between psychoanalytic approach and literary approaches is undeniable.
The relationship of psychoanalysis with literature has been in a whole since Freud developed psychoanalysis. Although the psychoanalysis approach was handled by Freud, the first person to apply it in the field of literature before Freud was the director of the Vienna Imperial Theater, Alfred von Berger (Yıldız, 2014, p.6). Berger, who closely followed Freud’s approach to psychoanalysis, examined the works of the period with analytical approaches.
“Many texts have been written on the application of psychoanalysis in the field of literature, from the studies Freud made on writers such as Leonardo da Vinci, Shakespare, Goethe, Dostoevsky, in which he reflected his views, and today, readers consciously look at the works from the window of psychoanalysis and see what the author hides to the characters. they understand the qualities better” (Yıldız, 2014, p.7). The differences in the psychoanalyst approach in the analyzes made on the works are also striking since the period when Freud did his analysis studies.
One of the characteristics of contemporary psychoanalyst theorists is that they do not accept the conflict situation created by sexuality and aggression as a different approach to the psychoanalytic theory developed by Freud. They emphasize that the basis of aggression and accompanying conflict situations is a situation that arises due to some deprivations rather than being natural (Cebeci, 2004). This and similar differences of opinion are seen not only in the field of literature, but also in the years when the psychoanalytic approach initiated by Freud was born, and in the following processes, with his friends who initially followed his footsteps and later had a disagreement.
In the psychoanalysis movement initiated by Freud, many scientists contribute to psychoanalysis by following Freud’s footsteps or criticizing his ideas. These scientists, led by names such as Anna Freud, Carl Gustav Jung, Melanie Klein, Otto Rank, Alfred Adler, Heinz Kohut and Jacque Lacan, broke up with Freud in some way, with the exception of his daughter Anna. They took psychoanalysis one step further.(Yıldız, 2014, p.2)
According to Freud’s psychoanalysis approach, if we make an analysis on Zebercet, the main character of Yusuf Atılgan’s 1974 novel Anayurt Oteli, we can see that Zebercet, the main character, and other characters of the book, as well as the floors of the hotel, are described in detail for the reader in the first pages of the book. we’ll see.
First of all, let’s talk about the parts where Zebercet’s Oedipal conflicts are seen. As can be understood from the novel, the author refers to the comparisons between Zebercet and his father. It is emphasized that the towels in the hotel were stolen less during the period when his father was the manager, compared to the period when Zebercet was the manager. In these parts of the novel, the author makes a comparison between Zebercet and his father over the towels of the hotel.
“There may be an air of intimidation and intimidation of thieves in the outward appearance of his father. (This must be the most rotten of reasons: Rüstem Bey, who used to come from İzmir every two or three months to collect the hotel bill, once when Zebercet was sixteen years old, when he didn’t even have a mustache, stroked his hair once and said, ‘Hey, it fell from his father’s.’)” (Atılgan , 2017, p.21).
The comparison between Zebercet and his father, which the author also mentions in these lines, brings to mind the case of Zebercet cutting his mustache while waiting for the woman who came by the delayed Ankara train in the later parts of the novel. Was the underlying situation of this event a rebellion?
In another part of the novel, when he asks the name of the young man he met the night he went to watch the cockfights, Zebercet replies, ‘Ahmet’. It is the name of Ahmet Zebercet’s father, who was a population clerk for a while. In another similar incident, Zebercet talks about the registry office where his father worked for a while, when the old man he met while sitting on a bench asked what he was doing.
In Freudian psychoanalysis, the boy’s feelings for the father are dual. On the one hand, the boy who takes it as his duty to eliminate the father figure, whom he sees as his rival, is in hostile feelings, on the other hand, he always harbors a love for the father in his soul, balancing this hostile attitude and love and reveals his father identification. (Uğurlu, 2007, p.1722). Zebercet reflects traces of the Oedipal conflict; On the one hand, the boy’s desire to imitate the father he admires, and on the other, the idea of seeing him as a rival and eliminating him and taking his place. In this period of the Oedipal conflict, the boy pushes the grudge, hatred and paternal love towards the father, which is formed by the fear that he will be castrated by the father, out of consciousness. We see the love of the father, as well as the grudge and hatred that Zebercet pushed unconscious as a result of the oedipal conflict, and the situation of comparing himself with the father, as in the lines I mentioned above.
According to psychoanalysis, in the process that drove Zebercet to suicide, traces of his failure to fulfill his ego ideal father’s order are seen. At the beginning of the novel, the room number 1, where the woman who came with the delayed Ankara train was staying, is depicted, while the painting that her father bought from the flea market one day in the past is mentioned. His father said to Zebercet, “My son Zebercet, when I die, you will not give this room to anyone as soon as it happens. A hotel needs a room like this.” We see what you say. (Atilgan, 2017, p.12). Zebercet deems only one person worthy of this room; The woman who came by the delayed Ankara train. The woman does not return to the hotel. Zebercet, who cannot accept that the woman he loves does not come at the end of his hopeful waiting, commits suicide. Behind Zebercet’s act of suicide lies the guilt of not being able to fulfill his father’s order. Unconsciously, Zebercet, who is constantly imposed on the ego by his super-ego, executes the superego’s orders by killing himself.
Let’s talk about Zebercet’s relationship with the womanizer Zeynep. Zeynep, who stays in the room in the attic of the hotel and does daily chores, is portrayed in the novel as an object that Zebercet tries to satisfy her sexual desires. I said that he tried to satisfy because Zebercet experiences the sexuality he has constructed with fantasic elements about the woman who comes with the delayed Ankara train he falls in love with. However, we cannot call this experience a lovemaking experience. Because the co-worker does not respond to Zebercet in any way. The housewife, whose sleep is very heavy, reflects on the reader as she is constantly asleep when she fulfills the role of Zebercet’s sexual object. On the one hand, Zebercet, who cannot fully realize her own sexual pleasure, on the other hand, feels inadequate due to not being able to satisfy Zeynep’s deprivation (penis deprivation). The basis of this deprivation I mentioned is based on the oedipal conflict. For the boy in Oedipal conflict, the mother lacks the penis that she and her rival father figure have. The mother spends time with the father and also establishes close relations with the father. The fact that the boy, who has the same organ as the father, realizes that the only thing that turns the mother towards the father is not having a penis, shows his absence from other things. (Nas, 2009, p.8). The feeling of inadequacy that Zebercet feels because of fulfilling Zeynep’s deprivation is based on the same oedipal conflict. In other words, the co-worker should disappear. This thought is a factor that pushes Zebercet to kill the womanizer.
When we look at Zebercet’s relationship with the Retired Officer, one of the characters mentioned in the novel, we see the traces of an obvious rivalry between the two. Retired Officer’s first arrival at the hotel coincides with the departure date of the woman arriving by the delayed Ankara train. Zebercet gave this old man room number two, despite the retired Officer’s request for room 1 where the woman was staying. Upon this incident, Zebercet, who thinks that there is a connection between the Retired Officer and the woman he fell in love with, begins to see the Retired Officer as a rival from that moment on. Moreover, we see evidence that the old man’s presence in the hotel disturbs Zebercet with each passing day and restricts his space.
“Adam’s sitting in the living room in the afternoons and at night made Zebercet uneasy, causing the comfort of his loneliness, for example, getting up and walking around the hall as he used to, and restricting some movement areas.” (Atilgan, 2017, p.28).
Finally, I would like to touch on the relationship between the floors of the hotel and Zebercet’s id, ego and superego. Anayurt hotel consists of three floors. The ground floor, also the first floor, is the part of the hotel where Zebercet greets incoming customers and keeps track of those staying at the hotel. At the same time, he has normal relations with people on this floor. Let’s call this solid the Ego. Room 1 is the room that Zebercet gave to the woman who came with the delayed train to Ankara. In this room of the hotel, Zebercet sometimes fantasizes about the woman he loves, tries to get pleasure, and sometimes the pleasure is blocked by the Retired Officer. We mentioned that the Retired Officer prevented Zebercet’s phantasms and free movement. The second floor where the Retired Officer stays at this point is the Superego. Room 1 is a battleground between the ground floor, which I call the Ego, and the second floor, where the Retired Officer, whom I call the Superego, is staying. The second floor is also the floor where Zebercet hanged himself at the end of the novel. Zebercet carried out the Superego’s death order by hanging himself in the Retired Officer’s room. The attic, that is, the third floor, is the area where Zebercet takes pleasure from his fantasies on the co-worker and is not exposed to the slightest conflict or resistance. Just as the Id that I mentioned in the structural model is not subject to any obstacles in order to reach the point of pleasure, the attic, which is one of the floors of the hotel, does not encounter any obstacles or resistance when Zebercet is with the co-host to satisfy his sexual desires. At this point we can also call the attic the Id.
Sigmund Freud, the founder of the psychoanalysis approach, which is one of the methods of analyzing the literary text, is the first practitioner of the psychoanalytic literary criticism technique with his analysis of texts such as William Wilhelm Jensen’s Gradiva, Shakespeare’s Hamlet, and Wilhelm Hoffmann’s Sandman. (Nas, 2009, p1). Today, many books have been examined and handled according to the psychoanalytic approach. So much so that the strength of the relationship between psychoanalytic approach and literary approaches is undeniable.
The relationship of psychoanalysis with literature has been in a whole since Freud developed psychoanalysis. Although the psychoanalysis approach was handled by Freud, the first person to apply it in the field of literature before Freud was the director of the Vienna Imperial Theater, Alfred von Berger (Yıldız, 2014, p.6). Berger, who closely followed Freud’s approach to psychoanalysis, examined the works of the period with analytical approaches.
“Many texts have been written on the application of psychoanalysis in the field of literature, from the studies Freud made on writers such as Leonardo da Vinci, Shakespare, Goethe, Dostoevsky, in which he reflected his views, and today, readers consciously look at the works from the window of psychoanalysis and see what the author hides to the characters. they understand the qualities better” (Yıldız, 2014, p.7). The differences in the psychoanalyst approach in the analyzes made on the works are also striking since the period when Freud did his analysis studies.
One of the characteristics of contemporary psychoanalyst theorists is that they do not accept the conflict situation created by sexuality and aggression as a different approach to the psychoanalytic theory developed by Freud. They emphasize that the basis of aggression and accompanying conflict situations is a situation that arises due to some deprivations rather than being natural (Cebeci, 2004). This and similar differences of opinion are seen not only in the field of literature, but also in the years when the psychoanalytic approach initiated by Freud was born, and in the following processes, with his friends who initially followed his footsteps and later had a disagreement.
In the psychoanalysis movement initiated by Freud, many scientists contribute to psychoanalysis by following Freud’s footsteps or criticizing his ideas. These scientists, led by names such as Anna Freud, Carl Gustav Jung, Melanie Klein, Otto Rank, Alfred Adler, Heinz Kohut and Jacque Lacan, broke up with Freud in some way, with the exception of his daughter Anna. They took psychoanalysis one step further.(Yıldız, 2014, p.2)
According to Freud’s psychoanalysis approach, if we make an analysis on Zebercet, the main character of Yusuf Atılgan’s 1974 novel Anayurt Oteli, we can see that Zebercet, the main character, and other characters of the book, as well as the floors of the hotel, are described in detail for the reader in the first pages of the book. we’ll see.
First of all, let’s talk about the parts where Zebercet’s Oedipal conflicts are seen. As can be understood from the novel, the author refers to the comparisons between Zebercet and his father. It is emphasized that the towels in the hotel were stolen less during the period when his father was the manager, compared to the period when Zebercet was the manager. In these parts of the novel, the author makes a comparison between Zebercet and his father over the towels of the hotel.
“There may be an air of intimidation and intimidation of thieves in the outward appearance of his father. (This must be the most rotten of reasons: Rüstem Bey, who used to come from İzmir every two or three months to collect the hotel bill, once when Zebercet was sixteen years old, when he didn’t even have a mustache, stroked his hair once and said, ‘Hey, it fell from his father’s.’)” (Atılgan , 2017, p.21).
The comparison between Zebercet and his father, which the author also mentions in these lines, brings to mind the case of Zebercet cutting his mustache while waiting for the woman who came by the delayed Ankara train in the later parts of the novel. Was the underlying situation of this event a rebellion?
In another part of the novel, when he asks the name of the young man he met the night he went to watch the cockfights, Zebercet replies, ‘Ahmet’. It is the name of Ahmet Zebercet’s father, who was a population clerk for a while. In another similar incident, Zebercet talks about the registry office where his father worked for a while, when the old man he met while sitting on a bench asked what he was doing.
In Freudian psychoanalysis, the boy’s feelings for the father are dual. On the one hand, the boy who takes it as his duty to eliminate the father figure, whom he sees as his rival, is in hostile feelings, on the other hand, he always harbors a love for the father in his soul, balancing this hostile attitude and love and reveals his father identification. (Uğurlu, 2007, p.1722). Zebercet reflects traces of the Oedipal conflict; On the one hand, the boy’s desire to imitate the father he admires, and on the other, the idea of seeing him as a rival and eliminating him and taking his place. In this period of the Oedipal conflict, the boy pushes the grudge, hatred and paternal love towards the father, which is formed by the fear that he will be castrated by the father, out of consciousness. We see the love of the father, as well as the grudge and hatred that Zebercet pushed unconscious as a result of the oedipal conflict, and the situation of comparing himself with the father, as in the lines I mentioned above.
According to psychoanalysis, in the process that drove Zebercet to suicide, traces of his failure to fulfill his ego ideal father’s order are seen. At the beginning of the novel, the room number 1, where the woman who came with the delayed Ankara train was staying, is depicted, while the painting that her father bought from the flea market one day in the past is mentioned. His father said to Zebercet, “My son Zebercet, when I die, you will not give this room to anyone as soon as it happens. A hotel needs a room like this.” We see what you say. (Atilgan, 2017, p.12). Zebercet deems only one person worthy of this room; The woman who came by the delayed Ankara train. The woman does not return to the hotel. Zebercet, who cannot accept that the woman he loves does not come at the end of his hopeful waiting, commits suicide. Behind Zebercet’s act of suicide lies the guilt of not being able to fulfill his father’s order. Unconsciously, Zebercet, who is constantly imposed on the ego by his super-ego, executes the superego’s orders by killing himself.
Let’s talk about Zebercet’s relationship with the womanizer Zeynep. Zeynep, who stays in the room in the attic of the hotel and does daily chores, is portrayed in the novel as an object that Zebercet tries to satisfy her sexual desires. I said that he tried to satisfy because Zebercet experiences the sexuality he has constructed with fantasic elements about the woman who comes with the delayed Ankara train he falls in love with. However, we cannot call this experience a lovemaking experience. Because the co-worker does not respond to Zebercet in any way. The housewife, whose sleep is very heavy, reflects on the reader as she is constantly asleep when she fulfills the role of Zebercet’s sexual object. On the one hand, Zebercet, who cannot fully realize her own sexual pleasure, on the other hand, feels inadequate due to not being able to satisfy Zeynep’s deprivation (penis deprivation). The basis of this deprivation I mentioned is based on the oedipal conflict. For the boy in Oedipal conflict, the mother lacks the penis that she and her rival father figure have. The mother spends time with the father and also establishes close relations with the father. The fact that the boy, who has the same organ as the father, realizes that the only thing that turns the mother towards the father is not having a penis, shows his absence from other things. (Nas, 2009, p.8). The feeling of inadequacy that Zebercet feels because of fulfilling Zeynep’s deprivation is based on the same oedipal conflict. In other words, the co-worker should disappear. This thought is a factor that pushes Zebercet to kill the womanizer.
When we look at Zebercet’s relationship with the Retired Officer, one of the characters mentioned in the novel, we see the traces of an obvious rivalry between the two. Retired Officer’s first arrival at the hotel coincides with the departure date of the woman arriving by the delayed Ankara train. Zebercet gave this old man room number two, despite the retired Officer’s request for room 1 where the woman was staying. Upon this incident, Zebercet, who thinks that there is a connection between the Retired Officer and the woman he fell in love with, begins to see the Retired Officer as a rival from that moment on. Moreover, we see evidence that the old man’s presence in the hotel disturbs Zebercet with each passing day and restricts his space.
“Adam’s sitting in the living room in the afternoons and at night made Zebercet uneasy, causing the comfort of his loneliness, for example, getting up and walking around the hall as he used to, and restricting some movement areas.” (Atilgan, 2017, p.28).
Finally, I would like to touch on the relationship between the floors of the hotel and Zebercet’s id, ego and superego. Anayurt hotel consists of three floors. The ground floor, also the first floor, is the part of the hotel where Zebercet greets incoming customers and keeps track of those staying at the hotel. At the same time, he has normal relations with people on this floor. Let’s call this solid the Ego. Room 1 is the room that Zebercet gave to the woman who came with the delayed train to Ankara. In this room of the hotel, Zebercet sometimes fantasizes about the woman he loves, tries to get pleasure, and sometimes the pleasure is blocked by the Retired Officer. We mentioned that the Retired Officer prevented Zebercet’s phantasms and free movement. The second floor where the Retired Officer stays at this point is the Superego. Room 1 is a battleground between the ground floor, which I call the Ego, and the second floor, where the Retired Officer, whom I call the Superego, is staying. The second floor is also the floor where Zebercet hanged himself at the end of the novel. Zebercet carried out the Superego’s death order by hanging himself in the Retired Officer’s room. The attic, that is, the third floor, is the area where Zebercet takes pleasure from his fantasies on the co-worker and is not exposed to the slightest conflict or resistance. Just as the Id that I mentioned in the structural model is not subject to any obstacles in order to reach the point of pleasure, the attic, which is one of the floors of the hotel, does not encounter any obstacles or resistance when Zebercet is with the co-host to satisfy his sexual desires. At this point we can also call the attic the Id.
Sigmund Freud, the founder of the psychoanalysis approach, which is one of the methods of analyzing the literary text, is the first practitioner of the psychoanalytic literary criticism technique with his analysis of texts such as William Wilhelm Jensen’s Gradiva, Shakespeare’s Hamlet, and Wilhelm Hoffmann’s Sandman. (Nas, 2009, p1). Today, many books have been examined and handled according to the psychoanalytic approach. So much so that the strength of the relationship between psychoanalytic approach and literary approaches is undeniable.
The relationship of psychoanalysis with literature has been in a whole since Freud developed psychoanalysis. Although Freud took the psychoanalytic approach, the first person to apply it in the field of literature before Freud was the director of the Vienna Imperial Theater, Alfred von Berger (Yıldız, 2014, p.6). Berger, who closely followed Freud’s approach to psychoanalysis, examined the works of the period with analytical approaches.
“Many texts have been written on the application of psychoanalysis in the field of literature, from the studies Freud made on writers such as Leonardo da Vinci, Shakespare, Goethe, Dostoevsky, in which he reflected his views, and today, readers consciously look at the works from the window of psychoanalysis and see what the author hides to the characters. they understand the qualities better” (Yıldız, 2014, p.7). The differences in the psychoanalyst approach in the analyzes made on the works are also striking since the period when Freud did his analysis studies.
One of the characteristics of contemporary psychoanalyst theorists is that they do not accept the conflict situation created by sexuality and aggression as a different approach to the psychoanalytic theory developed by Freud. They emphasize that the basis of aggression and accompanying conflict situations is a situation that arises due to some deprivations rather than being natural (Cebeci, 2004). This and similar differences of opinion are seen not only in the field of literature, but also in the years when the psychoanalytic approach initiated by Freud was born, and in the following processes, with his friends who initially followed his footsteps and later had a disagreement.
In the psychoanalysis movement initiated by Freud, many scientists contribute to psychoanalysis by following Freud’s footsteps or criticizing his ideas. These scientists, led by names such as Anna Freud, Carl Gustav Jung, Melanie Klein, Otto Rank, Alfred Adler, Heinz Kohut and Jacque Lacan, broke up with Freud in some way, with the exception of his daughter Anna. They took psychoanalysis one step further.(Yıldız, 2014, p.2)
According to Freud’s psychoanalysis approach, if we make an analysis on Zebercet, the main character of Yusuf Atılgan’s 1974 novel Anayurt Oteli, we can see that Zebercet, the main character, and other characters of the book, as well as the floors of the hotel, are described in detail for the reader in the first pages of the book. we’ll see.
First of all, let’s talk about the parts where Zebercet’s Oedipal conflicts are seen. As can be understood from the novel, the author refers to the comparisons between Zebercet and his father. It is emphasized that the towels in the hotel were stolen less during the period when his father was the manager, compared to the period when Zebercet was the manager. In these parts of the novel, the author makes a comparison between Zebercet and his father over the towels of the hotel.
“There may be an air of intimidation and intimidation of thieves in the outward appearance of his father. (This must be the most rotten of reasons: Rüstem Bey, who used to come from İzmir every two or three months to collect the hotel bill, once when Zebercet was sixteen years old, when he didn’t even have a mustache, stroked his hair once and said, ‘Hey, it fell from his father’s.’)” (Atılgan , 2017, p.21).
The comparison between Zebercet and his father, which the author also mentions in these lines, brings to mind the case of Zebercet cutting his mustache while waiting for the woman who came by the delayed Ankara train in the later parts of the novel. Was the underlying situation of this event a rebellion?
In another part of the novel, when he asks the name of the young man he met the night he went to watch the cockfights, Zebercet replies, ‘Ahmet’. It is the name of Ahmet Zebercet’s father, who was a population clerk for a while. In another similar incident, Zebercet talks about the registry office where his father worked for a while, when the old man he met while sitting on a bench asked what he was doing.
In Freudian psychoanalysis, the boy’s feelings for the father are dual. On the one hand, the boy who takes it as his duty to eliminate the father figure, whom he sees as his rival, is in hostile feelings, on the other hand, he always harbors a love for the father in his soul, balancing this hostile attitude and love and reveals his father identification. (Uğurlu, 2007, p.1722). Zebercet reflects traces of the Oedipal conflict; On the one hand, the boy’s desire to imitate the father he admires, and on the other, the idea of seeing him as a rival and eliminating him and taking his place. In this period of the Oedipal conflict, the boy pushes the grudge, hatred and paternal love towards the father, which is formed by the fear that he will be castrated by the father, out of consciousness. We see the love of the father, as well as the grudge and hatred that Zebercet pushed unconscious as a result of the oedipal conflict, and the situation of comparing himself with the father, as in the lines I mentioned above.
According to psychoanalysis, in the process that drove Zebercet to suicide, traces of his failure to fulfill his ego ideal father’s order are seen. At the beginning of the novel, the room number 1, where the woman who came with the delayed Ankara train was staying, is depicted, while the painting that her father bought from the flea market one day in the past is mentioned. His father said to Zebercet, “My son Zebercet, when I die, you will not give this room to anyone as soon as it happens. A hotel needs a room like this.” We see what you say. (Atilgan, 2017, p.12). Zebercet deems only one person worthy of this room; The woman who came by the delayed Ankara train. The woman does not return to the hotel. Zebercet, who cannot accept that the woman he loves does not come at the end of his hopeful waiting, commits suicide. Behind Zebercet’s act of suicide lies the guilt of not being able to fulfill his father’s order. Unconsciously, Zebercet, who is constantly imposed on the ego by his super-ego, executes the superego’s orders by killing himself.
Let’s talk about Zebercet’s relationship with the womanizer Zeynep. Zeynep, who stays in the room in the attic of the hotel and does daily chores, is portrayed in the novel as an object that Zebercet tries to satisfy her sexual desires. I said that he tried to satisfy because Zebercet experiences the sexuality he has constructed with fantasic elements about the woman who comes with the delayed Ankara train he falls in love with. However, we cannot call this experience a lovemaking experience. Because the co-worker does not respond to Zebercet in any way. The housewife, whose sleep is very heavy, reflects on the reader as she is constantly asleep when she fulfills the role of Zebercet’s sexual object. On the one hand, Zebercet, who cannot fully realize her own sexual pleasure, on the other hand, feels inadequate due to not being able to satisfy Zeynep’s deprivation (penis deprivation). The basis of this deprivation I mentioned is based on the oedipal conflict. For the boy in Oedipal conflict, the mother lacks the penis that she and her rival father figure have. The mother spends time with the father and also establishes close relations with the father. The fact that the boy, who has the same organ as the father, realizes that the only thing that turns the mother towards the father is not having a penis, shows his absence from other things. (Nas, 2009, p.8). The feeling of inadequacy that Zebercet feels because of fulfilling Zeynep’s deprivation is based on the same oedipal conflict. In other words, the co-worker should disappear. This thought is a factor that pushes Zebercet to kill the womanizer.
When we look at Zebercet’s relationship with the Retired Officer, one of the characters mentioned in the novel, we see the traces of an obvious rivalry between the two. Retired Officer’s first arrival at the hotel coincides with the departure date of the woman arriving by the delayed Ankara train. Zebercet gave this old man room number two, despite the retired Officer’s request for room 1 where the woman was staying. Upon this incident, Zebercet, who thinks that there is a connection between the Retired Officer and the woman he fell in love with, begins to see the Retired Officer as a rival from that moment on. Moreover, we see evidence that the old man’s presence in the hotel disturbs Zebercet with each passing day and restricts his space.
“Adam’s sitting in the living room in the afternoons and at night made Zebercet uneasy, causing the comfort of his loneliness, for example, getting up and walking around the hall as he used to, and restricting some movement areas.” (Atilgan, 2017, p.28).
Finally, I would like to touch on the relationship between the floors of the hotel and Zebercet’s id, ego and superego. Anayurt hotel consists of three floors. The ground floor, also the first floor, is the part of the hotel where Zebercet greets incoming customers and keeps track of those staying at the hotel. At the same time, he has normal relations with people on this floor. Let’s call this solid the Ego. Room 1 is the room that Zebercet gave to the woman who came with the delayed train to Ankara. In this room of the hotel, Zebercet sometimes fantasizes about the woman he loves, tries to get pleasure, and sometimes the pleasure is blocked by the Retired Officer. We mentioned that the Retired Officer prevented Zebercet’s phantasms and free movement. The second floor where the Retired Officer stays at this point is the Superego. Room 1 is a battleground between the ground floor, which I call the Ego, and the second floor, where the Retired Officer, whom I call the Superego, is staying. The second floor is also the floor where Zebercet hanged himself at the end of the novel. Zebercet carried out the Superego’s death order by hanging himself in the Retired Officer’s room. The attic, that is, the third floor, is the area where Zebercet takes pleasure from his fantasies on the co-worker and is not exposed to the slightest conflict or resistance. Just as the Id that I mentioned in the structural model is not subject to any obstacles in order to reach the point of pleasure, the attic, which is one of the floors of the hotel, does not encounter any obstacles or resistance when Zebercet is with the co-host to satisfy his sexual desires. At this point we can also call the attic the Id.
Sigmund Freud, the founder of the psychoanalysis approach, which is one of the methods of analyzing the literary text, is the first practitioner of the psychoanalytic literary criticism technique with his analysis of texts such as William Wilhelm Jensen’s Gradiva, Shakespeare’s Hamlet, and Wilhelm Hoffmann’s Sandman. (Nas, 2009, p1). Today, many books have been examined and handled according to the psychoanalytic approach. So much so that the strength of the relationship between psychoanalytic approach and literary approaches is undeniable.
The relationship of psychoanalysis with literature has been in a whole since Freud developed psychoanalysis. Although the psychoanalysis approach was handled by Freud, the first person to apply it in the field of literature before Freud was the director of the Vienna Imperial Theater, Alfred von Berger (Yıldız, 2014, p.6). Berger, who closely followed Freud’s approach to psychoanalysis, examined the works of the period with analytical approaches.
“Many texts have been written on the application of psychoanalysis in the field of literature, from the studies Freud made on writers such as Leonardo da Vinci, Shakespare, Goethe, Dostoevsky, in which he reflected his views, and today, readers consciously look at the works from the window of psychoanalysis and see what the author hides to the characters. they understand the qualities better” (Yıldız, 2014, p.7). The differences in the psychoanalyst approach in the analyzes made on the works are also striking since the period when Freud did his analysis studies.
One of the characteristics of contemporary psychoanalyst theorists is that they do not accept the conflict situation created by sexuality and aggression as a different approach to the psychoanalytic theory developed by Freud. They emphasize that the basis of aggression and accompanying conflict situations is a situation that arises due to some deprivations rather than being natural (Cebeci, 2004). This and similar differences of opinion are seen not only in the field of literature, but also in the years when the psychoanalytic approach initiated by Freud was born, and in the following processes, with his friends who initially followed his footsteps and later had a disagreement.
In the psychoanalysis movement initiated by Freud, many scientists contribute to psychoanalysis by following Freud’s footsteps or criticizing his ideas. These scientists, led by names such as Anna Freud, Carl Gustav Jung, Melanie Klein, Otto Rank, Alfred Adler, Heinz Kohut and Jacque Lacan, broke up with Freud in some way, with the exception of his daughter Anna. They took psychoanalysis one step further.(Yıldız, 2014, p.2)
According to Freud’s psychoanalysis approach, if we make an analysis on Zebercet, the main character of Yusuf Atılgan’s 1974 novel Anayurt Oteli, we can see that Zebercet, the main character, and other characters of the book, as well as the floors of the hotel, are described in detail for the reader in the first pages of the book. we’ll see.
First of all, let’s talk about the parts where Zebercet’s Oedipal conflicts are seen. As can be understood from the novel, the author refers to the comparisons between Zebercet and his father. It is emphasized that the towels in the hotel were stolen less during the period when Zebercet was the manager of the hotel. In these parts of the novel, the author makes a comparison between Zebercet and his father over the towels of the hotel.
“There may be an air of intimidation and intimidation of thieves in the outward appearance of his father. (This must be the most rotten of reasons: Rüstem Bey, who used to come from İzmir every two or three months to collect the hotel bill, once when Zebercet was sixteen years old, when he didn’t even have a mustache, stroked his hair once and said, ‘Hey, it fell from his father’s.’)” (Atılgan , 2017, p.21).
The comparison between Zebercet and his father, which the author also mentions in these lines, brings to mind the case of Zebercet cutting his mustache while waiting for the woman who came by the delayed Ankara train in the later parts of the novel. Was the underlying situation of this event a rebellion?
In another part of the novel, when he asks the name of the young man he met the night he went to watch the cockfights, Zebercet replies, ‘Ahmet’. It is the name of Ahmet Zebercet’s father, who was a population clerk for a while. In another similar incident, Zebercet talks about the registry office where his father worked for a while, when the old man he met while sitting on a bench asked what he was doing.
In Freudian psychoanalysis, the boy’s feelings for the father are dual. On the one hand, the boy who takes it as his duty to eliminate the father figure, whom he sees as his rival, is in hostile feelings, on the other hand, he always harbors a love for the father in his soul, balancing this hostile attitude and love and reveals his father identification. (Uğurlu, 2007, p.1722). Zebercet reflects traces of the Oedipal conflict; On the one hand, the boy’s desire to imitate the father he admires, and on the other, the idea of seeing him as a rival and eliminating him and taking his place. In this period of the Oedipal conflict, the boy pushes the grudge, hatred and paternal love towards the father, which is formed by the fear that he will be castrated by the father, out of consciousness. We see the love of the father, as well as the grudge and hatred that Zebercet pushed unconscious as a result of the oedipal conflict, and the situation of comparing himself with the father, as in the lines I mentioned above.
According to psychoanalysis, in the process that drove Zebercet to suicide, traces of his failure to fulfill his ego ideal father’s order are seen. At the beginning of the novel, the room number 1, where the woman who came with the delayed Ankara train was staying, is depicted, while the painting that her father bought from the flea market one day in the past is mentioned. His father said to Zebercet, “My son Zebercet, when I die, you will not give this room to anyone as soon as it happens. A hotel needs a room like this.” We see what you say. (Atilgan, 2017, p.12). Zebercet deems only one person worthy of this room; the woman arriving by the delayed Ankara train. The woman does not return to the hotel. Zebercet, who cannot accept that the woman he loves does not come at the end of his hopeful waiting, commits suicide. Behind Zebercet’s act of suicide lies the guilt of not being able to fulfill his father’s order. Unconsciously, Zebercet, who is constantly imposed on the ego by his super-ego, executes the superego’s orders by killing himself.
Let’s talk about Zebercet’s relationship with the womanizer Zeynep. Zeynep, who stays in the room in the attic of the hotel and does daily chores, is portrayed in the novel as an object that Zebercet tries to satisfy her sexual desires. I said that he tried to satisfy because Zebercet experiences the sexuality he has constructed with fantasic elements about the woman who comes with the delayed Ankara train he falls in love with. However, we cannot call this experience a lovemaking experience. Because the co-worker does not respond to Zebercet in any way. The woman who is very sleepy is reflected in the reader as she is constantly asleep when she fulfills the role of Zebercet’s sexual object. On the one hand, Zebercet, who cannot fully realize her own sexual pleasure, on the other hand, feels inadequate due to not being able to satisfy Zeynep’s deprivation (penis deprivation). The basis of this deprivation I mentioned is based on the oedipal conflict. For the boy in Oedipal conflict, the mother lacks the penis that she and her rival father figure have. The mother spends time with the father and also establishes close relations with the father. The fact that the boy, who has the same organ as the father, realizes that the only thing that turns the mother towards the father is not having a penis, shows his absence from other things. (Nas, 2009, p.8). The feeling of inadequacy that Zebercet feels because of fulfilling Zeynep’s deprivation is based on the same oedipal conflict. In other words, the co-worker should disappear. This thought is a factor that pushes Zebercet to kill the womanizer.
When we look at Zebercet’s relationship with the Retired Officer, one of the characters mentioned in the novel, we see the traces of an obvious rivalry between the two. Retired Officer’s first arrival at the hotel coincides with the departure date of the woman arriving by the delayed Ankara train. Zebercet gave this old man room number two, despite the retired Officer’s request for room 1 where the woman was staying. Upon this incident, Zebercet, who thinks that there is a connection between the Retired Officer and the woman he fell in love with, begins to see the Retired Officer as a rival from that moment on. Moreover, we see evidence that the old man’s presence in the hotel disturbs Zebercet with each passing day and restricts his space.
“Adam’s sitting in the living room in the afternoons and at night made Zebercet uneasy, causing the comfort of his loneliness, for example, getting up and walking around the hall as he used to, and restricting some movement areas.” (Atilgan, 2017, p.28).
Finally, I would like to touch on the relationship between the floors of the hotel and Zebercet’s id, ego and superego. Anayurt hotel consists of three floors. The ground floor, also the first floor, is the part of the hotel where Zebercet greets incoming customers and keeps track of those staying at the hotel. At the same time, he has normal relations with people on this floor. Let’s call this solid the Ego. Room 1 is the room that Zebercet gave to the woman who came with the delayed train to Ankara. In this room of the hotel, Zebercet sometimes fantasizes about the woman he loves, tries to get pleasure, and sometimes the pleasure is blocked by the Retired Officer. We mentioned that the Retired Officer prevented Zebercet’s phantasms and free movement. The second floor where the Retired Officer stays at this point is the Superego. Room 1 is a battleground between the ground floor, which I call the Ego, and the second floor, where the Retired Officer, whom I call the Superego, is staying. The second floor is also the floor where Zebercet hanged himself at the end of the novel. Zebercet carried out the Superego’s death order by hanging himself in the Retired Officer’s room. The attic, that is, the third floor, is the area where Zebercet takes pleasure from his fantasies on the co-worker and is not exposed to the slightest conflict or resistance. Just as the Id that I mentioned in the structural model is not subject to any obstacles in order to reach the point of pleasure, the attic, which is one of the floors of the hotel, does not encounter any obstacles or resistance when Zebercet is with the co-host to satisfy his sexual desires. At this point we can also call the attic the Id.
Sigmund Freud, the founder of the psychoanalysis approach, which is one of the methods of analyzing the literary text, is the first practitioner of the psychoanalytic literary criticism technique with his analysis of texts such as William Wilhelm Jensen’s Gradiva, Shakespeare’s Hamlet, and Wilhelm Hoffmann’s Sandman. (Nas, 2009, p1). Today, many books have been examined and handled according to the psychoanalytic approach. So much so that the strength of the relationship between psychoanalytic approach and literary approaches is undeniable.
The relationship of psychoanalysis with literature has been in a whole since Freud developed psychoanalysis. Although the psychoanalysis approach was handled by Freud, the first person to apply it in the field of literature before Freud was the director of the Vienna Imperial Theater, Alfred von Berger (Yıldız, 2014, p.6). Berger, who closely followed Freud’s approach to psychoanalysis, examined the works of the period with analytical approaches.
“Many texts have been written on the application of psychoanalysis in the field of literature, from the studies Freud made on writers such as Leonardo da Vinci, Shakespare, Goethe, Dostoevsky, in which he reflected his views, and today, readers consciously look at the works from the window of psychoanalysis and see what the author hides to the characters. they understand the qualities better” (Yıldız, 2014, p.7). The differences in the psychoanalyst approach in the analyzes made on the works are also striking since the period when Freud did his analysis studies.
One of the characteristics of contemporary psychoanalyst theorists is that they do not accept the conflict situation created by sexuality and aggression as a different approach to the psychoanalytic theory developed by Freud. They emphasize that the basis of aggression and accompanying conflict situations is a situation that arises due to some deprivations rather than being natural (Cebeci, 2004). This and similar differences of opinion are seen not only in the field of literature, but also in the years when the psychoanalytic approach initiated by Freud was born, and in the following processes, with his friends who initially followed his footsteps and later had a disagreement.
In the psychoanalysis movement initiated by Freud, many scientists contribute to psychoanalysis by following Freud’s footsteps or criticizing his ideas. These scientists, led by names such as Anna Freud, Carl Gustav Jung, Melanie Klein, Otto Rank, Alfred Adler, Heinz Kohut and Jacque Lacan, broke up with Freud in some way, with the exception of his daughter Anna. They took psychoanalysis one step further.(Yıldız, 2014, p.2)
According to Freud’s psychoanalysis approach, if we make an analysis on Zebercet, the main character of Yusuf Atılgan’s 1974 novel Anayurt Oteli, we can see that Zebercet, the main character, and other characters of the book, as well as the floors of the hotel, are described in detail for the reader in the first pages of the book. we’ll see.
First of all, let’s talk about the parts where Zebercet’s Oedipal conflicts are seen. As can be understood from the novel, the author refers to the comparisons between Zebercet and his father. It is emphasized that the towels in the hotel were stolen less during the period when his father was the manager, compared to the period when Zebercet was the manager. In these parts of the novel, the author makes a comparison between Zebercet and his father over the towels of the hotel.
“There may be an air of intimidation and intimidation of thieves in the outward appearance of his father. (This must be the most rotten of reasons: Rüstem Bey, who used to come from İzmir every two or three months to collect the hotel bill, once when Zebercet was sixteen years old, when he didn’t even have a mustache, stroked his hair once and said, ‘Hey, it fell from his father’s.’)” (Atılgan , 2017, p.21).
The comparison between Zebercet and his father, which the author also mentions in these lines, brings to mind the case of Zebercet cutting his mustache while waiting for the woman who came by the delayed Ankara train in the later parts of the novel. Was the underlying situation of this event a rebellion?
In another part of the novel, when he asks the name of the young man he met the night he went to watch the cockfights, Zebercet replies, ‘Ahmet’. It is the name of Ahmet Zebercet’s father, who was a population clerk for a while. In another similar incident, Zebercet talks about the registry office where his father worked for a while, when the old man he met while sitting on a bench asked what he was doing.
In Freudian psychoanalysis, the boy’s feelings for the father are dual. On the one hand, the boy who takes it as his duty to eliminate the father figure, whom he sees as his rival, is in hostile feelings, on the other hand, he always harbors a love for the father in his soul, balancing this hostile attitude and love and reveals his father identification. (Uğurlu, 2007, p.1722). Zebercet reflects traces of the Oedipal conflict; On the one hand, the boy’s desire to imitate the father he admires, and on the other, the idea of seeing him as a rival and eliminating him and taking his place. In this period of the Oedipal conflict, the boy pushes the grudge, hatred and paternal love towards the father, which is formed by the fear that he will be castrated by the father, out of consciousness. We see the love of the father, as well as the grudge and hatred that Zebercet pushed unconscious as a result of the oedipal conflict, and the situation of comparing himself with the father, as in the lines I mentioned above.
According to psychoanalysis, in the process that drove Zebercet to suicide, traces of his failure to fulfill his ego ideal father’s order are seen. At the beginning of the novel, the room number 1, where the woman who came with the delayed Ankara train was staying, is depicted.
