Our brain weighs a little more than 1 Kg (if you are a genius like Einstein, maybe you have 1-2 Gr more), smells like moldy curd cheese (the smell is a little more bearable if you are young, unbearable if your soul is dead), jelly consistency and Please do not grimace when we say that it consists of an ingredient that tastes like the Silence of the Lambs (we do not recommend you to taste it); because there is nothing to do, that’s all the stuff; but if you didn’t have a brain, you wouldn’t be you, you wouldn’t even be able to grimace; be smart!
Your brain is like a Tokat walnut, and your skull protects it like a walnut shell. Like walnut, it consists of 2 parts. The parts of a walnut are indistinguishable, but your brain is a little different; The left side of the brain controls the right side of the body, and the right side controls the left side of the body. So left or right is not clear. The left part is responsible for speaking, mathematics, tasks done in a certain order (such as tying your shoes), and the right part is responsible for painting and visual memory. The cornea-like substance (corpus callosum) between the two walnuts provides the relationship between the two hemispheres.
In other words, the left hemisphere perceives the scary looking and smelly socks that your roommate threw next to your desk, you visualize it with the right hemisphere. When the scent message reaches its place, your nose bleeds; but when the bridge stops sending a message after a while, you get used to the smell.( Our advice to you is to change your roommate, not your brain)
Let’s look a little more deeply now: if we slice our hypothetical walnut from top to bottom instead of right/left, what we will see is the cerebral cortex (CORTEX) at the top. This is the region of the brain that has completed its natural development, and the CONTROL CENTER OF THE BODY. If we divide this region with a hypothetical line starting just above our eyes and extending to the bottom of our neck, we see the following regions;
Frontal Region; It starts from the top of the eye and extends to the part where the hair starts to fall out, generally in men.
We call the part of it that corresponds to our forehead the FRONT REGION OF THE BRAIN. The upper part is the Motor Cortex, which controls the voluntary movements of the body.
Parietal Region; It starts at the apex and ends at the back of the neck in men. At the end of it is the Sensoriel Cotex, where the senses are processed.
Temporal Region;Imagine an invisible earpiece between our temples…
Oxipital Region:The bottom of the parietal region, the bottom of the brain, is our handsome, beautiful older brother. He usually takes care of vision.
The sum of all these regions forms what we call CONSCIOUSNESS.
Since the walnut is hard, if we turn our example into orange and continue, if we peel the cortex, that is, the part we will reach, we call the Middle Brain. This consists of 6 parts:
Thalamus; It is like the transformer center where the information coming from the body is distributed to the brain. Millivolt level electric current is born here.
Hypothalamus; It is similar to the commander who ensures the normal and harmonious functioning of the body by applying the commands it collects from the parts of the brain.
Pituitary; It is like the order of the hypothalamus.
Amygdala; It is the memory store of emotional reactions. It is the part that makes me say, “When we got married, you stepped on my foot in 1917 and made my callus hurt..”
The hippocampus is the storehouse of long-term memory information.
Basal Ganglion; It helps in matters such as body movements, alertness and learning.
The sum of these six systems is called the LIMBIC SYSTEM. The limbic system shapes what is called the SUBCONSCIOUS. The center of the orange is the brain stem. This is the most primitive part of the brain. It regulates metabolic involuntary features such as breathing and heartbeat.
If we haven’t studied the day before during the exam, usually the cortex is deactivated, the brain stem is activated, we stop breathing, our heart starts beating like crazy and we start to shake the answers from the limbic system “…it’s this or that!”
We have more or less studied the structures of the brain, but we still haven’t gotten to the bottom of it; Let’s look a little deeper; The brain consists of nerve cells called NEURON. (There are 100 billion nerve cells with one trillion connections in a 1 cm3 area of the brain. Between these 100 billion nerve cells, there is 10 million x billion impulse transmissions per second. As can be understood from just this much information, the human brain is too complex to be compared with any computer. and it has a superior system.) These are the axon, dendrite, and the connection points between them called synapses.
The brain works by electrical and chemical transmission within the cells themselves. The inside of the cells is negative, the outside is positive, and the cell membrane is neutral. Information travels through the axon as an electrical signal, transforms into chemical signals in the intercellular space and becomes a news source. This transformation is provided by substances called NEUROTRANSMITTER. When there is a charge between two cells through these substances, there is a change in the neutral cell membrane; the cell goes from passive to active; that is an action potential. Don’t be intimidated by the terms; Sour as it’s called! Without an action potential, the nervous system cannot act. As the excitation power, the intensity of this acid does not change, but when a certain accumulation and threshold value in the chemical pathway is exceeded (amino acid depolarization EPSP), information transfer takes place. Like the Mexican wave in the stadiums or a word-of-mouth game…
The microvolt-level electric current emitted by the Thalamus in the midbrain thus ensures the distribution of information. EEG is a method that detects the frequencies of the waves that occur in this second. The frequencies and mechanisms of action of each of these waves are different from each other;
GAMMA greater than 30 Hz, BETA (13-30 Hz), ALPHA (8-12 Hz), THETA (4-8 Hz) AND DELTA (less than 4 Hz)
All of these waves lead to different functional functions in our body. For example: Our brain uses 13 Hz (high alpha and low beta) for “active” intelligence. Often, individuals with learning disabilities and attention problems have a lack of 13 Hz activity in certain parts of the brain, which affects the ability to perform sequential tasks and mathematical calculations
Delta (0.1 –3 Hz)
The lowest frequencies are deltas. . It is lower than 4 Hz and is seen in deep sleep, and delta waves reflect subconscious thought when “empathy” is felt at the same time in some abnormal processes. It is the dominant rhythm in infants up to 1 year of age and is found in the 3rd and 4th stages of sleep. Its amplitude is the highest and the slowest wave. We increase delta waves to reduce our awareness of the physical world. At the same time, we reach our subconscious thoughts through delta waves.
Those who want to increase performance reduce delta waves and high focus and peak performance (high performance) is achieved.
However, individuals diagnosed with Attention Deficit tend to increase their delta waves instead of lowering them when they try to focus. Inappropriate delta waves severely restrict focus and attention.
Delta (0.1-3 Hz) : Distribution : It can be widely or bilaterally diffused, common.
Subjective mood states: deep, dreamless sleep, non-REM sleep, trance state, unconscious.
Related work and behavior : lethargy, inactivity, inattention Physiological relationship : inactive, inability to act immediately. If it is increased, it causes sleep, trance, deep relaxation.
Theta (4-8 Hz)
Theta operates between 3.5 – 7.5 Hz and is classified as “slow” activity. It is a kind of vault for creativity, intuition, imagination, fantasy and memories, emotions, exciting events.
Theta waves are strong during introspection, meditation, prayer, and spiritual awareness. It reflects the state between being awake and sleeping. It’s about the subconscious.
It is abnormal for awake adults but normal during sleep. Theta reflects activity in the hippocampal and limbic system region. Theta is observed during anxiety, delusion, restlessness and shyness.
When theta wave appears to function normally, it promotes complex behaviors such as learning and memory. In unusual emotional situations, such as stress or illness, there may be an imbalance of the three major transmitters, causing abnormal behavior.
Distribution: usually regional, may include many lobes, may be lateral or diffuse.
Alpha (8-12 Hz)
Alpha waves are between 7.5 and 13 Hz. The crucial point of alpha waves is around 10 Hz. Healthy alpha production increases mental ability, helps mental harmony, increases the feeling of relaxation. It is the main rhythm seen in relaxed, relaxed normal people. It is present in most of our lives, especially after the age of 13.
It is concentrated in the occipital region (back of the head) and frontal cortex. Alpha provides extraversion (less in introverts), creativity (alpha is observed in creative people when listening and coming to the conclusion of a creative problem), and mental activity.
Beta (above 12 Hz)
Beta activity is fast activity. 14 and above frequency. It reflects asynchronously active brain tissue. It is usually seen on both sides in a symmetrical distribution, more anteriorly. (frontal) May be lost or reduced in cortical damage.
It is active when our eyes are open, listening, thinking, solving an analytical problem, making a decision or making a judgment, processing the information that is happening around us.
Low beta (12-15 Hz), “SMR”
Distribution: localized on the side and lobe (frontal, occipital etc.) Subjective mood states: focused but relaxed, integrated low SMR “Attention Deficiency Disease, a lack of focused attention.
Effects of Training: Increasing SMR provides comfortable focusing, attention-demanding abilities can be corrected.
These basic wave types cause different sensitivities especially in the cortex part of the brain and in the regions here. Frontal region sensitivities; this region is attention, patience, moral motivation, time management, judgment, planning, impulse control, orderliness, empathy, learning from mistakes, self-control, short-term memory control, suppressing the limbic system to make logical rather than emotional decisions, ensuring the regular functioning of the body hormonally. It controls the basic features such as the control of the HPA (Hypothalamus, Pitutier-pituitary, Adrenal) pathway, which provides it with neural and neural pathways.
Genetic disorders, high cortisol level of the mother, alcohol-drug habits, difficult birth, not being able to breastfeed until 1 year old, diseases such as encephalitis, meningitis, febrile seizure, food poisoning, bad lifestyle, stress and head blows in this region causes sensitivities.
Temporal region sensitivities; Memory, emotional stability, and socialization are the common centers of experience. Speech and visual memory are located in this region. It causes disorders such as forgetfulness, causeless panic, difficulty in learning to read, suspicious thinking, disrespect, emotional instability, excessive interest in metaphysics, unexplained headaches, stomachaches, visual abnormalities, dyslexia, dyspraxia, dysaculia.
Parietal region sensitivities; This region processes sensory information, shapes the senses of touch, pain, pressure, temperature, provides spatial position, position of hands and feet, movement orientation, right-left separation, 3-dimensional grasping. In case of deterioration, loss of position, difficulties in writing, reading, right-left separation, counting and problem solving problems occur. Disturbances such as occipital region sensitivities, color recognition, and dysgraphia occur.
If the cortex, which is the control area of our brain, is doing its job correctly, our body is in HOMEOSTASE=BALANCE. If there is a problem, we are in ALLOSTASIS. If the problem persists, there is an OVERLOAD overload. Everyone who has been to the hospital more or less knows the state of alostasis; “if blood pressure-tension increased, heart rate increased, respiratory rate, blood sugar, LDL cholesterol, cortisol, adrenaline, noradrenaline increased, DHEA sulfate decreased, HDL cholesterol decreased, bowel movements decreased… ”You are SICK, your brain is unable to control the HPA pathway.
In ADHD, it is a state of allostasis that is formed especially in the frontal region. However, it is not a DISEASE as defined by some, especially by pharmaceutical companies. It occurs between the ages of 3-21, that is, in the basic development period of the brain, but if it is not treated, it will haunt you for life. Sometimes it changes shape, so it’s a bit like an ALIEN&PREDETOR movie. Just as in syndromes such as head blows, stroke, epilepsy, fibromyalgia, and chronic fatigue, there is a marked increase in theta and SLOW ALPHA activity in most ADHD cases.
Current and traditional healing methods are mainly built on the manipulation of pharmaceutical companies to affect the functioning of the brain through chemical, that is, transmitter substances. For example, in the treatment of depression, intercellular electrical conduction also decreases due to the decrease in the neurotransmitter SEROTONIN. The only source of serotonin is the support cells of the brain; We cannot get serotonin from food.
Protein foods are converted into serotonin under brain control. Drugs used in the treatment of depression (!) aim to increase the effectiveness of serotonin by ensuring that it stays longer (delaying its release) in weak areas. GOOD IDEA! In other words, the aim is to ensure that the low serotonin is more effective without touching the amount of serotonin in the body; HONEY PASTRY! But here is that smelly brain reveals its brain; it stops the production of the normal and natural protein Xserotonin, realizes that it is normal with a little serotonin and stops the production of serotonin. So what does the pharmaceutical company recommend in this situation? INCREASE THE DOSAGE! Because they have handled the business from the wrong point; While it is necessary to regulate the intercellular transmission by prioritizing intracellular transmission, trying to build the 4-5th floor by leaving the foundation rotten… THE MAIN METHOD OF HEALING SHOULD BE;
REGULATION OF INTRACELL ELECTRIC CURRENT; NEUROFEEDBACK
NATURAL NUTRITION THAT WILL ENSURE THE BRAIN CELLS GENERATE MORE NEUROTRANSMITTER – LIFE STYLE-SUPPORT AND HOW DOES NEUROFEEDBACK (8009800) SUPPORT HERBAL FEEDBACK FUNCT IN (8009703)?
Humans use a variety of tools to communicate with machines: keyboards, mice, joysticks, cameras, microphones. etc. All these commanding tools function thanks to the user’s brain controlling the muscular system. However, in some cases this communication is not possible. For example, neuron diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), one of the motor neuron diseases, brain stem trauma, brain or spinal cord injury, cerebral palsy, muscular dystrophies and multiple sclerosis prevent people’s voluntary movements. Only from ALS, 30,000 in the USA, 2,000 in the world. Nearly 000 patients are affected. Every year, around 5,000 patients are registered. (STEPHAN HAWKING, VICE OF KOÇ HOLDING YÖN.KR. DIRECTOR SUNA KIRAÇ, FENERBAHÇELİ FOOTBALL CLIENT SEDAT BALKANLI FAMOUS PATIENTS)
ALS disease only affects motor neurons; It does not harm the patient’s cognitive functions. Memory, intelligence and personality are preserved. Patients can see, hear, smell and interpret tactile stimuli. If a technology that can directly interpret the neural activity in the patient’s brain can be developed, it may be possible for the patient to communicate with the vehicles and people around him. In other words, the main purpose here is to control computers using direct thoughts without the need for another intermediate layer (such as muscle system). Normally, when people are awake and not doing anything, their brains emit α EEG signals. These waves are in the frequency range of 8-12 Hz. The μ rhythms are in the same range and show themselves as minor changes in the α waves. The important point here is that μ rhythms are “α waves” that occur when a person concentrates on something in a way that slightly activates their somatosensory or motor cortex. β rhythms are in the 18-25 Hz range and are associated with voluntary movement and active focus. Studies have shown that people can control μ rhythms in the 8-12 Hz range and β rhythms in the 18-25 Hz range, and thus they can move a cursor on the screen as they wish. By comparing real and imagined movements and using principal component analysis (PCA – Principle Component Analysis). The rhythms have been analyzed and it has been determined that both real and imagined movements are associated with μ and β rhythm desynchronizations.
What makes BCI possible is our ability to record the signals produced by the brain and subject them to pattern analysis and classification.
If one of the thoughts that directs ALS researchers is to be able to control computers without the need for another intermediate layer (such as the muscle system) by using direct thoughts, a new thought that follows this is to eliminate these intermediate layers and give the brain a FEEDBACK stimulus, which is strengthened over computers. UPDATING NERVOUS NETWORK MODELS, that is, regulating the functioning of the brain. This is called NEURO-BIO FEEDBACK.
Humans and other living things have some basic biological mechanisms for adaptation to the environment. It breathes automatically. When blood sugar drops, sugar is automatically released into the blood. This automatic adaptation process is called the homeostatic mechanism, as we said above. The function of this mechanism maintains the physiological balance in humans. In addition, human innate reflexes provide survival, that is, survival. However, hemostatic mechanisms and reflexes are insufficient to meet all requirements and adapt to the environment under all conditions.
Learning is a continuous change in human abilities that is not a result of the growth process. Learning is the process that produces a product (what is learned). People are constantly learning from the beginning of their lives. The world of cognitive information becomes more complex and more dynamic over time.
In order to survive, the organism has to be active in adapting to the environment and meet its needs in variable environments. He has to learn which elements in his environment are positive for his survival, which are hindering his life, and which are neutral. This provides the necessary environment for a holistic development by helping to maintain the physiological balance in cognitive learning. The holistic use of both the physiological and social aspects of learning in this way is important in terms of revealing the necessary role that learning plays in human survival. A similar situation applies to human cognitive development. According to the “Information Processing Theory”, in order to store information in the memory of the individual, it is necessary to go through a number of processes such as attention, perception and coding.
According to this theory, there are three types of memory in humans. These are (1) Sensory Recording, (2) Short-Term Memory, and (3) Long-Term Memory. When the processing process of a computer is examined, it is seen that hardware such as RAM (Random Access Memory), CPU (Central Processing Unit), and Hard Disk (Hard Disk) are organized in a structure similar to the human cognitive system.
While biologists considered intelligence as the ability to adapt to the environment, educators evaluated it as learning, psychologists as understanding relationships, and computer scientists as the ability to process information. Because of these different definitions of intelligence, it cannot be fit into a universal definition since intelligence is an abstract and open-ended concept just like the soul, subconscious mind, mind, and thinking.
The main purpose of intelligence research is to understand the principles of human information processing and to solve the working mechanisms of biological nervous systems. Computers have an important place in both the research and development of these mechanisms.
The brain thinks in two ways;
1. Fast, automatic, unconscious 2.Slow, analytical, probing, discreet…
The indispensable correlation between these two compartments of the brain is “prediction neurons”. “Prediction Neurons”, which Wolfram Schultz found as a result of Dopamine Experiments, lead to an increase in the amount of dopamine in the brain according to reward. Dopamine neurons constantly produce patterns based on experience. The brain compares the predictions with reality; if the expectation and prediction are met, the amount of dopamine increases and the person is happy as a result. In case of wrong predictions, a strong stimulus is emitted from the Anterior Cingulate to the brain. The Anterior Cingulate both stimulates consciousness, keeps it alert, and sends a warning to the Hypothalamus, which regulates vital aspects of bodily functions. Dopamine neurons in the anterior cingulate use data from new events to regulate old predictions and expectations, internalize life lessons and update the NERVE NETWORK MODELS of the BRAIN. If this region cannot fulfill its function for some reason, the individual cannot use negative reinforcement in learning and repeats the same mistakes constantly because he has difficulty in learning from his mistakes.
BIO-NEUROFEEDBACK strengthens organization between old and new brain compartments through the generation of new predictive neurons.
Neurofeedback systems operate on μ and β rhythms. In 1961, Neal Miller, an experimental psychologist, proposed that autonomic nervous system responses (eg, heartbeat, blood pressure, gastrointestinal activities, regional blood flow) could be voluntarily controlled. Miller’s work was expanded by other researchers. After this period, in the 1970s, a UCLA researcher, Dr. A study by Barry Sterman revealed that experimental animals can be trained to control their brain waves. Sterman later applied his research techniques to patients with epilepsy, and using biofeedback techniques, he reduced the patients’ seizures by 60 percent.
Sterman was asked by NASA to investigate why the fuel called hydrazine used in rockets and space shuttles triggers epileptic seizures. In his trials on cats, he found that the seizures stopped in cats whose SMR waves were increased… People with epilepsy were taught to increase these waves, and It was observed that seizures decreased in these as well. Another observation was obtained in the experiments: In cases with epilepsy, which also showed hyperactivity and restlessness, these symptoms would also decrease if the SMR wave was increased.
The first scientific article on this subject was published in 1972. This article belonged to a 23-year-old woman who had general tonic-clonic epilepsy for 7 years. There was no case of epilepsy in the family. In EEG, slow wave activity of 5-7 Hz was detected due to hyperventilation. Although he had not responded to any medication until now, he was using 200 mg Dilantin and 200 mg Mebarol per day. During the daytime shifts, the patient’s forehead was wrinkled with the left lateral deviation of the eyes, he lowered his right arm towards the left knee and fell unconscious towards the left side, and there were tonic-clonic movements. These events mostly occurred in the very early hours of the morning. He determined that he had two major seizures that were not related to his menstrual period.
With neurofeedback training twice a week for three months, it was observed that the seizures were stopped by increasing the SMR wave. A decrease in the slow wave (5-7) and an increase in the SMR wave (11-15) were detected. At the end of the treatment, this patient was no longer taking medication and Continuing studies later showed that patients with drug-induced epilepsy benefited greatly from this brain training by increasing their SMR.
Neurofeedback can be used in many brain problems in the world without conflicting with modern medicine and healing methods. These are:
Stress
Attention and Memory problems at all ages
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
General Learning Disorder, School Failure
Tic Disease
Teeth Grinding in Children
Epilepsy (Sar’a), especially in epilepsy that cannot be controlled by medical treatment
Migraine/Stress Headaches
Chronic fatigue disease
Depression /Manic Depression
Anxiety (Distress Disease) Panic Attack
Obsession (Obsession)
