Theory

Humans are in contact with all living things around them throughout their lives. The attitude of people in their relations with other people with whom they communicate is important, in this communication process, the display of emotions, thoughts and behaviors in accordance with the rules and traditions is called moral development. Emotional and personality development of children is shaped in the period we call early childhood. Moral development, which includes the development of emotions and personality, has been the subject of many theories.

Elliott and Smith (2010, 280-281) distinguish six types of anxiety problems: fear of separation from mother, father, or caregiver (6-24 months); fear of foreign adults (6-10 months); fear of unfamiliar peers (2-3 years); fear of animals, the dark and imaginary creatures (2-6 years old); school phobia (3-6 years, 10-11 years); and fear of being evaluated by others (13-19 years).

The psychoanalytic theory was put forward by the Australian neurologist Sigmund Freud of the 20th century, who is widely known especially in the field of social sciences and is also known by popular culture. Theory states that much of what we think and do is driven by the unconscious as a process. Although it is not the focus method used in today’s counseling and therapy, it appears as the most comprehensive and effective personality theory of the theories that have been created so far, most importantly, addressing the social sciences and the intellectual environment.