SELECTIVE MUTISM
Selective mutism is a clinical condition in which the ability to speak is defined as the inability to (speak) in certain environments and situations. The child does not completely refuse to speak, he just prefers not to speak in certain situations that increase his anxiety.
It is observed more frequently in preschool ages and girls than boys. It is a rare disorder. Children with selective mutism speak and communicate normally when they are at home or with their parents and siblings, but they do not speak at school, outside, when guests or even relatives come to the house. In Selective Mutism, excessive dependence on parents, shyness, withdrawal and oppositional behaviors can also be observed. These children are unable to communicate verbally with their teachers and friends, but they may participate in or sometimes refuse to participate in any non-verbal activity. It usually occurs within 2 years of starting school.
The biggest problem faced by teachers about children with Selective Mutism is the difficulty they experience in assessing the child’s reading and comprehension skills. Considering the difficulty in friendship relations, the child may not want to go to school or his success may be negatively affected. Some children can use non-verbal means of communication (eye, hand, head movements, agreement with writing or drawing a picture, etc.).
Selective Mutism is considered as a kind of anxiety disorder that occurs with the effect of environmental factors together with a biologically existing shy temperament rather than a speech and language disorder. Treatment requires teamwork. In addition to child psychiatrists, teachers, school guidance unit and family have an important place. Medication and psychotherapy (play therapy, family therapy, individual psychotherapy, behavioral therapy, etc.) are used together. The younger the child and the less time he does not speak at school, the more favorable the course (prognosis) will be. Therefore, early application is important.
