The history of circumcision dates back to 6000 BC. Throughout history, it has been seen that Egyptians, Jews and Babylonians were circumcised. It has been seen that some mummies found in ancient Egyptian pyramids were circumcised. Today, circumcision is performed both because of religious belief and because of its medical benefits, as is the case in western countries.
Benefits of Circumcision
· Foreskin inflammatory diseases, foreskin stenosis, paraphimosis stone formation are not seen after circumcision.
·The case of collecting urine under the foreskin and eventually turning into inflammation and damaging the kidneys is not seen after circumcision.
·Penal cancers can be seen in uncircumcised people. It is not seen after circumcision.
·Cervical cancers are more common in the spouses of uncircumcised men.
·Sexually transmitted diseases are more common in uncircumcised people.
At what age should circumcision be done?
The classical view is that circumcision is performed at an early age. Jews perform a religious ceremony within 20 days from the birth of a boy. The benefits of performing the circumcision within 20 days are as follows:
· Since there is not much vascularization in the pips, bleeding is not common during circumcision.
·Since wound healing is quick in children, the circumcision wound heals quickly.
·The situation that requires urgent circumcision in foreskin stenosis is prevented
·The psychological negative effects after circumcision are prevented because the personality does not develop in the newborn
The psychosocial development phases of the child between 1-6 years, especially 4-5 years old. At this age, the child has a fear of losing his penis. The attachment to the mother is also extremely strong. A circumcision performed at this age will cause negative psychological effects. For this reason, it is recommended that children not be circumcised at this age. Because children who are circumcised at this age may experience a crush in later ages because they are sociologically separated from customs and ceremonies. After the age of 7, this psychosis-social circuit enters a recession and continues until adolescence. Circumcision at this age will enable the child to develop psychosis-socially. He will realize that he is a member of society. He will understand why he is circumcised. For these reasons, it is most appropriate to perform circumcision in the first 20 days or after the age of 7.
Who should do the circumcision?
A healthy circumcision needs to be done by a specialist doctor. Thus, many circumcision errors are prevented. The benefits of circumcision performed by a specialist doctor are as follows:
If the child has a disease such as non-stop blood (hemophilia), the side effects of this disease are prevented by the drugs given.
If it is done by a specialist doctor, the probability of wrong circumcision decreases. Since the surgical instruments are cleaned very well, the probability of the child catching hepatitis b and hepatitis C decreases.
Since the foreskin is taken as much as necessary, the growth and development of the penis becomes normal in advanced ages.
Since the circumcision is performed under pain-relieving drugs, the child does not feel pain.
Since the circumcision wound is sutured, wound healing is faster.
Since the child will feel pain in circumcision performed by village circumcisers, he becomes very restless and irritable, and it is more difficult to restrain. For this reason, the child’s psychology deteriorates.
How should circumcision be done?
Circumcision has been performed in various ways over the years. While the Jews used a metal plate (Barzel) with a slit in the middle, they preferred to use the clamps, which were named after each doctor in the Ottoman period.
Circumcision errors
Circumcision errors are inevitable when people who are not competent in circumcision do it. There are many side effects and mistakes in circumcisions made in haste and not paying attention to hygiene. Incorrect circumcisions cause permanent damage to the penis and sexual dysfunction.
· Under inappropriate sterilization conditions, hepatitis (jaundice) and many microbial diseases can be transmitted. These diseases are serious diseases that can even result in death. The prevalence of hepatitis b in our country is approximately 10%. The probability of the child contracting hepatitis b and hepatitis C is 10% in circumcision performed with surgical instruments that are not very well purified. For this reason, circumcision should be performed by a reliable person, whose surgical instruments are very well purified.
·It is less in circumcised people than in those without penis head sensitivity.
· Excessive removal of the foreskin may adversely affect the growth and normal development of the penis in advanced ages.
·Skin bridges that may occur between the glans penis and the shaft penis: It causes pain and deformity during erection. It should be treated surgically.
·Cyst: They occur due to not suturing properly. They can become infected and must be surgically corrected.
· Fistula: It is a channel formed between the urinary canal and the skin. It can be corrected surgically.
·Meatitis: It is seen with a frequency of 30%. It occurs as a result of ammonia irritation due to under-changing the diaper. It can lead to meatus ulcer and stenosis.
· Complete or almost complete loss of penis
· Sensation defects
· Undercut of the foreskin: it is very common. There is no problem. If necessary, the excess is cut with a 2 cif operation.
· Decapitation of the penis: it occurs after carelessness. It is very difficult to repair. In complete cuts, there is no other option but a prosthesis.
· Excessive cutting of the skin under the head of the penis and cutting the external urethra here together. The child begins to urinate from the underside of the glans penis.
· Bleeding: common. In the treatment, the circumcision wound is opened and the bleeding vessels are kept.
·Penis gangrene: Although it is not common, it occurs as a result of tight binding of the penis.
· Circumcision should not be performed in cases where the urinary external hole is at the lower part of the penis (hypospadias = half circumcised birth). Because these children need an operation. With this surgery, the urinary external hole is taken to the tip of the penis. Since the foreskin will be used during the surgery, these children are not circumcised. If the circumciser, who does not know this, circumcises by mistake, the child’s chance of surgery will be lost.
·Inflammation occurs if cleaning and hygiene are not taken care of. It collects pus, which causes fever in the child. Shivering, nausea and vomiting occur.
·Penis head hypersensitivity: Although hypersensitivity may occur at the circumcision head for 3 months after circumcision, this disappears in time.
·After circumcision, there may be inability to urinate due to tight bandage.
Who is not circumcised?
·Premature infants
·Bleeding diathesis
·Penis anomalies. The foreskin is used in repair.
·Hypospadias
·Epispadias
·Megalourethra
·Chordee
·Webbed penis
It is arguably the most performed surgical operation in the world today and about 20% of men worldwide are circumcised. In our society, this rate is 100%. When we look at the history of circumcision, there are data that circumcision was made up to 15,000 years ago. It is also known that circumcision is practiced by different cultures and independently of each other. When Christopher Columbus discovered the loquat, he found that many natives were circumcised. B.C. There are also findings showing that Egyptian mummies from 2300 B.C. were circumcised and circumcision was practiced as a tradition in wall paintings. The debate about the necessity of this surgical procedure, which is the most performed in history and today, by whom, when and how it should be performed is perhaps one of the most interesting discussions in the medical literature. There are many factors driving this discussion. Scientific data on religious beliefs and traditions, human rights, financial issues, and circumcision all form the dimensions of this discussion. Probably no other surgical procedure discussion has been so influenced by non-scientific issues. People who think that there should be a healthy purpose behind such a widespread religious act, have left ethnic reasons aside and made many researches and publications since the beginning of the last century, believing that circumcision can have a place in the solution of various health problems. In the past years, it has been suggested that many diseases (such as infertility, epilepsy, asthma, enuresis, hernia, alcoholism, excessive masturbation) can be solved by circumcision. Although the later studies were planned more rationally, the lack of objectivity in a significant part is remarkable. However, some serious health benefits brought by circumcision have been described by important studies. While circumcision was introduced and recommended as a healthy procedure in the 1960s in the American society, where religious reasons for circumcision were unimportant (except for Jews), it lost its importance in the society and became less recommended by scientific institutions over time. However, there have also been social organizations that claim circumcising a child as taking a body part without their consent and claiming that it is against human rights. Another reason for circumcision is that this procedure is seen as an aesthetic procedure. A discussion about whether the penis gets a more aesthetic appearance as a result of circumcision and the emergence of the area is also not meaningful since it will vary according to cultures, people and tastes. The fact that penis circumcision is more aesthetically preferable may vary according to the traditions and value judgments of that society. There is no scientific data to support the idea that circumcision can increase sexual pleasure. The third point is the benefits of sunnah. Some of these become important when the child reaches adulthood. These are based on data demonstrated by many studies. With the disappearance of the foreskin in circumcised people, the risk of transmission of sexually transmitted diseases is significantly reduced. The anatomical structure provided by circumcision facilitates local hygiene, making this possible. On the other hand, it has been shown that the rate of development of ward cancer in the spouses of circumcised men is significantly lower due to its association with sexually transmitted viruses. The risk of developing penile cancer also decreases and goes down to zero. In our society and in epidemiological studies of other countries, urinary tract infection was 7% in 400,000 male infants, while this rate was 0.7% in circumcised infants. In other words, circumcision in the newborn period reduces the risk of urinary tract infection by 10 times. Circumcision completely eliminates the occurrence of cases such as preputial phimosis (stenosis at the tip of the foreskin), paraphimosis (strangulation of the penis head with the foreskin) and balanitis (inflammation of the foreskin) that may develop in childhood. The necessity of newborn circumcision has been discussed for a long time. Currently, 60% of Americans perform newborn circumcision. No surgical procedure, no matter how simple it may seem, is simple and over time it can become very complicated. It should be done without belittling and without compromising the basic surgical principle. Therefore, the most ideal circumcision is performed by experienced surgeons. However, it is not possible to put this practice into practice. In this case, circumcision is performed by assistant health personnel who have been trained in this subject and are experienced in surgical principles. There is no problem as long as these people have training and experience in this regard, but their training should definitely be approved and supervised. One of the important problems for our country is mass circumcisions. In mass circumcision practices, surgical principles and asepsis are compromised and important complications can be caused.
THINGS PARENTS SHOULD KNOW: Information in the form of questions and answers from the CIRP website (CIRP: http://www.cirp.org)
AN OPINION ON CIRCUSM: Published in the American “Mother” magazine, where the subject is widely discussed. an article (Mothers Against Circumcision: http://www.mothersagainstcirc.org)
104 SQUARE CENTERS CALLED A PARTICLE: What does the circumcised foreskin contain? (NOHARMM: http://www.noharmm.org)
WHAT CAN BE LOST BY CIRCISM(CIRP)
STATS, COMPLICATION RATES: Estimated figures for circumcision and injuries-deaths caused by it (NOHARMM)
HOW IMPORTANT IS FEMALE CIRCISM SHOWN LIKE: What is said about female circumcision and what is said about male circumcision are surprisingly similar. (NOHARMM)
ISLAM AND SCIENCE: Since “Sunnah” is not included in the Qur’an and Hadith, what is its source?
WORLDWIDE DISTRIBUTION OF CIRCUMSTANCE: (NOHARMM)
Moral Aspect: circumcision is performed by medical professionals at an increasing rate. This page discusses the ethical side of the practice for medical professionals and parents. (CIRP)
Circumcision and its so-called MEDICAL BENEFITS: (CIRP)
CIRCUMSTANCE AND SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES
CIRCISM AND BALANITIS
CIRCUMSTANCE AND UTILITY – PENIC CANCER
INNOVATION OF THE PENIS
Nurses’ Statement for Children’s Rights
Physicians’ Association Against Circumcision Statement: Statements by doctors who oppose circumcision in the USA
History of Circumcision in the United States: Medical justifications are offered for circumcision today. According to this article, even until 30 years ago, the rationale for circumcision in the USA was to prevent masturbation. The reasons have not changed, but have been adjusted to the times. ( Stop Infant Circumcision: http://www.sicsociety.org)
FATHERMAG MAGAZINE ARTICLE ON THE SUBJECT
THE MYTH OF THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN FEMALE AND MALE CIRCUMSTANCE Sami Aldeeb explains the reasons behind the prohibition of female circumcision and nothing done about male circumcision
A COMPARISON BETWEEN AND MALE CIRCUMSTANCE (http://www.boystoo.com)
A FEMINIST STUDY ON CIRCISM: Egyptian doctor Seham Abd El Selam talks about how male circumcision is viewed in his country where female circumcision is banned (NOHARMM)
circumcision
Jewish circumcision
Christian circumcision circumcision
Female circumcision
Benefits of Circumcision
· Foreskin inflammatory diseases, foreskin stenosis, paraphimosis stone formation are not seen after circumcision.
·The case of collecting urine under the foreskin and eventually turning into inflammation and damaging the kidneys is not seen after circumcision.
·Penal cancers can be seen in uncircumcised people. It is not seen after circumcision.
·Cervical cancers are more common in the spouses of uncircumcised men.
·Sexually transmitted diseases are more common in uncircumcised people.
At what age should circumcision be done?
The classical view is that circumcision is performed at an early age. Jews perform a religious ceremony within 20 days from the birth of a boy. The benefits of performing the circumcision within 20 days are as follows:
· Since there is not much vascularization in the pips, bleeding is not common during circumcision.
·Since wound healing is quick in children, the circumcision wound heals quickly.
·The situation that requires urgent circumcision in foreskin stenosis is prevented
·The psychological negative effects after circumcision are prevented because the personality does not develop in the newborn
The psychosocial development phases of the child between 1-6 years, especially 4-5 years old. At this age, the child has a fear of losing his penis. The attachment to the mother is also extremely strong. A circumcision performed at this age will cause negative psychological effects. For this reason, it is recommended that children not be circumcised at this age. Because children who are circumcised at this age may experience a crush in later ages because they are sociologically separated from customs and ceremonies. After the age of 7, this psychosis-social circuit enters a recession and continues until adolescence. Circumcision at this age will enable the child to develop psychosis-socially. He will realize that he is a member of society. He will understand why he is circumcised. For these reasons, it is most appropriate to perform circumcision in the first 20 days or after the age of 7.
Who should do the circumcision?
A healthy circumcision needs to be done by a specialist doctor. Thus, many circumcision errors are prevented. The benefits of circumcision performed by a specialist doctor are as follows:
If the child has a disease such as non-stop blood (hemophilia), the side effects of this disease are prevented by the drugs given.
If it is done by a specialist doctor, the probability of wrong circumcision decreases. Since the surgical instruments are cleaned very well, the probability of the child catching hepatitis b and hepatitis C decreases.
Since the foreskin is taken as much as necessary, the growth and development of the penis becomes normal in advanced ages.
Since the circumcision is performed under pain-relieving drugs, the child does not feel pain.
Since the circumcision wound is sutured, wound healing is faster.
Since the child will feel pain in circumcision performed by village circumcisers, he becomes very restless and irritable, and it is more difficult to restrain. For this reason, the child’s psychology deteriorates.
How should circumcision be done?
Circumcision has been performed in various ways over the years. While the Jews used a metal plate (Barzel) with a slit in the middle, they preferred to use the clamps, which were named after each doctor in the Ottoman period.
Circumcision errors
Circumcision errors are inevitable when people who are not competent in circumcision do it. There are many side effects and mistakes in circumcisions made in haste and not paying attention to hygiene. Incorrect circumcisions cause permanent damage to the penis and sexual dysfunction.
· Under inappropriate sterilization conditions, hepatitis (jaundice) and many microbial diseases can be transmitted. These diseases are serious diseases that can even result in death. The prevalence of hepatitis b in our country is approximately 10%. The probability of the child contracting hepatitis b and hepatitis C is 10% in circumcision performed with surgical instruments that are not very well purified. For this reason, circumcision should be performed by a reliable person, whose surgical instruments are very well purified.
·It is less in circumcised people than in those without penis head sensitivity.
· Excessive removal of the foreskin may adversely affect the growth and normal development of the penis in advanced ages.
·Skin bridges that may occur between the glans penis and the shaft penis: It causes pain and deformity during erection. It should be treated surgically.
·Cyst: They occur due to not suturing properly. They can become infected and must be surgically corrected.
· Fistula: It is a channel formed between the urinary canal and the skin. It can be corrected surgically.
·Meatitis: It is seen with a frequency of 30%. It occurs as a result of ammonia irritation due to under-changing the diaper. It can lead to meatus ulcer and stenosis.
· Complete or almost complete loss of penis
· Sensation defects
· Undercut of the foreskin: it is very common. There is no problem. If necessary, the excess is cut with a 2 cif operation.
· Decapitation of the penis: it occurs after carelessness. It is very difficult to repair. In complete cuts, there is no other option but a prosthesis.
· Excessive cutting of the skin under the head of the penis and cutting the external urethra here together. The child begins to urinate from the underside of the glans penis.
· Bleeding: common. In the treatment, the circumcision wound is opened and the bleeding vessels are kept.
·Penis gangrene: Although it is not common, it occurs as a result of tight binding of the penis.
· Circumcision should not be performed in cases where the urinary external hole is at the lower part of the penis (hypospadias = half circumcised birth). Because these children need an operation. With this surgery, the urinary external hole is taken to the tip of the penis. Since the foreskin will be used during the surgery, these children are not circumcised. If the circumciser, who does not know this, circumcises by mistake, the child’s chance of surgery will be lost.
·Inflammation occurs if cleaning and hygiene are not taken care of. It collects pus, which causes fever in the child. Shivering, nausea and vomiting occur.
·Penis head hypersensitivity: Although hypersensitivity may occur at the circumcision head for 3 months after circumcision, this disappears in time.
·After circumcision, there may be inability to urinate due to tight bandage.
Who is not circumcised?
·Premature infants
·Bleeding diathesis
·Penis anomalies. The foreskin is used in repair.
·Hypospadias
·Epispadias
·Megalourethra
·Chordee
·Webbed penis
It is arguably the most performed surgical operation in the world today and about 20% of men worldwide are circumcised. In our society, this rate is 100%. When we look at the history of circumcision, there are data that circumcision was made up to 15,000 years ago. It is also known that circumcision is practiced by different cultures and independently of each other. When Christopher Columbus discovered the loquat, he found that many natives were circumcised. B.C. There are also findings showing that Egyptian mummies from 2300 B.C. were circumcised and circumcision was practiced as a tradition in wall paintings. The debate about the necessity of this surgical procedure, which is the most performed in history and today, by whom, when and how it should be performed is perhaps one of the most interesting discussions in the medical literature. There are many factors driving this discussion. Scientific data on religious beliefs and traditions, human rights, financial issues, and circumcision all form the dimensions of this discussion. Probably no other surgical procedure discussion has been so influenced by non-scientific issues. People who think that there should be a healthy purpose behind such a widespread religious act, have left ethnic reasons aside and made many researches and publications since the beginning of the last century, believing that circumcision can have a place in the solution of various health problems. In the past years, it has been suggested that many diseases (such as infertility, epilepsy, asthma, enuresis, hernia, alcoholism, excessive masturbation) can be solved by circumcision. Although the later studies were planned more rationally, the lack of objectivity in a significant part is remarkable. However, some serious health benefits brought by circumcision have been described by important studies. While circumcision was introduced and recommended as a healthy procedure in the 1960s in the American society, where religious reasons for circumcision were unimportant (except for Jews), it lost its importance in the society and became less recommended by scientific institutions over time. However, there have also been social organizations that claim circumcising a child as taking a body part without their consent and claiming that it is against human rights. Another reason for circumcision is that this procedure is seen as an aesthetic procedure. A discussion about whether the penis gets a more aesthetic appearance as a result of circumcision and the emergence of the area is also not meaningful since it will vary according to cultures, people and tastes. The fact that penis circumcision is more aesthetically preferable may vary according to the traditions and value judgments of that society. There is no scientific data to support the idea that circumcision can increase sexual pleasure. The third point is the benefits of sunnah. Some of these become important when the child reaches adulthood. These are based on data demonstrated by many studies. With the disappearance of the foreskin in circumcised people, the risk of transmission of sexually transmitted diseases is significantly reduced. The anatomical structure provided by circumcision facilitates local hygiene, making this possible. On the other hand, it has been shown that the rate of development of ward cancer in the spouses of circumcised men is significantly lower due to its association with sexually transmitted viruses. The risk of developing penile cancer also decreases and goes down to zero. In our society and in epidemiological studies of other countries, urinary tract infection was 7% in 400,000 male infants, while this rate was 0.7% in circumcised infants. In other words, circumcision in the newborn period reduces the risk of urinary tract infection by 10 times. Circumcision completely eliminates the occurrence of cases such as preputial phimosis (stenosis at the tip of the foreskin), paraphimosis (strangulation of the penis head with the foreskin) and balanitis (inflammation of the foreskin) that may develop in childhood. The necessity of newborn circumcision has been discussed for a long time. Currently, 60% of Americans perform newborn circumcision. No surgical procedure, no matter how simple it may seem, is simple and over time it can become very complicated. It should be done without belittling and without compromising the basic surgical principle. Therefore, the most ideal circumcision is performed by experienced surgeons. However, it is not possible to put this practice into practice. In this case, circumcision is performed by assistant health personnel who have been trained in this subject and are experienced in surgical principles. There is no problem as long as these people have training and experience in this regard, but their training should definitely be approved and supervised. One of the important problems for our country is mass circumcisions. In mass circumcision practices, surgical principles and asepsis are compromised and important complications can be caused.
THINGS PARENTS SHOULD KNOW: Information in the form of questions and answers from the CIRP website (CIRP: http://www.cirp.org)
AN OPINION ON CIRCUSM: Published in the American “Mother” magazine, where the subject is widely discussed. an article (Mothers Against Circumcision: http://www.mothersagainstcirc.org)
104 SQUARE CENTERS CALLED A PARTICLE: What does the circumcised foreskin contain? (NOHARMM: http://www.noharmm.org)
WHAT CAN BE LOST BY CIRCISM(CIRP)
STATS, COMPLICATION RATES: Estimated figures for circumcision and injuries-deaths caused by it (NOHARMM)
HOW IMPORTANT IS FEMALE CIRCISM SHOWN LIKE: What is said about female circumcision and what is said about male circumcision are surprisingly similar. (NOHARMM)
ISLAM AND SCIENCE: Since “Sunnah” is not included in the Qur’an and Hadith, what is its source?
WORLDWIDE DISTRIBUTION OF CIRCUMSTANCE: (NOHARMM)
Moral Aspect: circumcision is performed by medical professionals at an increasing rate. This page discusses the ethical side of the practice for medical professionals and parents. (CIRP)
Circumcision and its so-called MEDICAL BENEFITS: (CIRP)
CIRCUMSTANCE AND SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES
CIRCISM AND BALANITIS
CIRCUMSTANCE AND UTILITY – PENIC CANCER
INNOVATION OF THE PENIS
Nurses’ Statement for Children’s Rights
Physicians’ Association Against Circumcision Statement: Statements by doctors who oppose circumcision in the USA
History of Circumcision in the United States: Medical justifications are offered for circumcision today. According to this article, even until 30 years ago, the rationale for circumcision in the USA was to prevent masturbation. The reasons have not changed, but have been adjusted to the times. ( Stop Infant Circumcision: http://www.sicsociety.org)
FATHERMAG MAGAZINE ARTICLE ON THE SUBJECT
THE MYTH OF THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN FEMALE AND MALE CIRCUMSTANCE Sami Aldeeb explains the reasons behind the prohibition of female circumcision and nothing done about male circumcision
A COMPARISON BETWEEN AND MALE CIRCUMSTANCE (http://www.boystoo.com)
A FEMINIST STUDY ON CIRCISM: Egyptian doctor Seham Abd El Selam talks about how male circumcision is viewed in his country where female circumcision is banned (NOHARMM)
circumcision
Jewish circumcision
Christian circumcision circumcision
Female circumcision
