The skin is one of the largest organs in our body and it has very important duties related to the whole body; In addition to protecting the body from all kinds of external factors, regulating the body’s water balance and temperature, maintaining calcium balance, synthesizing vitamin D, removing harmful substances from the body and breathing are our classical school medicine knowledge. But first of all, the skin is the mirror of health (14).
The skin and subcutaneous tissue contain a large number of receptors and form a functional integrity and mediate different stimuli. It creates a projection plane for organs and other structures. In the sense of reflex, visceral organ diseases reflect on certain areas, and it is possible to reach the organ that is in contact with the skin by reflex means by stimulating the areas where the reflection is present(4, 15, 19, 31).
The projection of nociceptive stimuli coming from the internal organs through the spinal cord and reflected to the areas within the segment to which these organs are attached is known as the head zone. The concept of head-zone has gained importance in terms of diagnosis today (31).
In clinical experience, in segmental skin areas corresponding to the head zones, therapeutic impulses can be stimulated by triggering the cuti-visceral reflex and long reflex pathways to the brain. This path constitutes the basic logic of reflex therapy in general medicine. Today we know that the skin is an important reflex organ. This feature is due to the special structure of the nervous system and the abundance of afferent impulses(15, 34).
The skin is a living organ, and each square centimeter has a nerve network of approximately 4 meters, 150-226 pain points, 2500-3385 nerve fibers, and 28-29 tactile sensory cells (14).
In terms of skin structure, it is a breathing sensory organ. A slightly acidic layer protects the surface of this living organ. The task of the skin is to balance body temperature, remove toxins and protect the body from bacteria. When the leather is washed, the acidity of the natural oil layer that protects its surface disappears. A regulated organism is required to provide both this natural oil and acidity and the natural moisture of the skin (1,4,10,17,20).
Skin consists of three separate layers, each with a different texture structure. From the surface to the deep, these layers are:
1- Epidermis: It is the outermost layer of the skin. It consists of keratinocytes. Its thickness varies depending on the part of the body, age and gender. It can be divided into four different layers:
Stratum basale: It is the lowest layer, consists of a single row of cells. This is the first layer where upper skin cells are formed.
Stratum spinosum or stratum granulosum: It was formed by the evolution and accumulation of cells in the underlying layer.
Stratum corneum: It consists of the uppermost and almost all dead cells (14).
The difference between epidermis and dermis is the absence of vessels in this layer. Nutrition is by diffusion from the underlying dermis. The time between the keratinocyte formed in the lowest layer and transforming into a lifeless keratin layer by covering all layers is called the skin’s turnover and it is 21-24 days. In the epidermis, there are melanocytes that give the skin its color, Meckel cells, Langerhans cells and lymphocytes that play a role in the protection of the skin.
2- Dermis: Dermis creates the real strength and resistance of the skin. Blood vessels, nerve endings, sebaceous glands, sweat glands are located in this part. It is a fibrous tissue that gives elasticity to the skin, which forms the actual skin, and contains vessels and nerves (14, 20,22). It actually has two layers:
Stratum papillare: It is a thin surface layer, contains thin elastic fibers, and ensures that the upper layer is firmly attached to the skin. It also contains various defense cells (histocytes, fibroblasts, mast cells and immune cells). In addition, structures such as free nerve endings and touch and pressure sensors that enable us to feel are also found in this layer (14, 18).
Stratum reticular : It forms a network structure mainly consisting of thick collagen fiber bundles and elastic fibers. Various types of sweat and sebaceous glands, muscle cells, hair and hair-related structures are also located in this layer. In addition, connective tissue cells that unite and support all these structures are also located in this layer (14,31,32,34).
The part adjacent to the subcutaneous tissue has a network structure formed by small and medium vessels. Its main function is to regulate body temperature and blood pressure (14,19).
3- Hypodermis: The hypodermis is the lower layer of the skin, which acts as a pillow by separating the skin from the muscles and bones with its soft structure. It is often the layer called the subcutis. It consists of adipose and connective tissue as a structure. It also acts as an energy store and mechanical buffer. Its main function is to carry and connect. This layer extends to the underlying fascia. In the subcutaneous tissue, there are lobules of adipose tissue through which blood vessels, nerves and lymph vessels pass (14, 18, 14,22,26,31,34,35).
Embryologically, the skin and neural system are of ectoderm origin. The skin is expressed as the last plane in the segment structure of the autonomous system. Lesions on the skin show organic disorders within the same segment. The symmetry of many skin diseases proves the existence of centrally controlled neural processes (15, 17, 31,32,33,34,35).
The length of the fibers of the vegetative nervous system is approximately 500,000 km. The whole body is in communication with each other and is a whole. All neurovegetative system functions; It is associated with the participation of humoral, cellular, neuronal and hormonal regulatory mechanisms in reactions in the system as a result of adjustments between them. A negative stimulus in any region affects the whole system through the vegetative nervous system. An imbalance in the skin will also have a negative effect through toxins that will accumulate in this area. In other words, the disease will affect not only one organ but the whole body (7,11,15,16,17,31).
MAJOR SKIN DISEASES
An organism whose regulation is disrupted for various reasons and which is loaded with connective tissue presents with different symptoms of overflow. The common point of most skin diseases is impaired intestinal flora. The body, which cannot sufficiently absorb and excrete toxins, uses the skin to get rid of the accumulated toxin load, and according to many school medicine, it occurs as skin diseases of unknown cause (14, 15,16,17,31).
Psoriasis
Psoriasis is an inflammatory papulosquamous disease characterized by abnormal proliferation and differentiation of the epidermis, observed in 4% of the population. Although the exact etiology is not known, some factors are emphasized. Among them, genetic factors as well as precipitating factors; trauma, emotional stress, endocrine factors and infections (especially hemolytic streptococcal infections). Insulin stress test and increase in adrenal cortex hormones show that the neurohormonal system plays an important role in psoriasis (14, 31).
URTICARIA and ANGIOEDEM
It is one of the most common allergic disorders, it manifests itself with skin swelling, itching and swelling. When this swelling is in the subcutaneous tissues, it is called angioedema. It can occur on the face, lips, tongue, throat, eyes, or ears. If swelling occurs in the larynx, it can be dangerous by causing sudden blockage in the airways. They can occur very quickly on the skin surface, within a few minutes. It starts with itching, creates redness and swelling of the skin. Their shapes are very variable. Sometimes they appear as round small dots, and sometimes they resemble a map with an irregular periphery and a pale center. The distinctive feature of urticaria is that they can appear and disappear quickly. After they disappear, they can recur in the same place or in any other part of the body. Urticaria/angioedema can be seen for many reasons. The most dangerous of these are drug and food allergies. Idiopathic urticaria is the most common type of urticaria (14, 31).
HERPES ZOSTER
Herpetic infection of the spinal or cerebral ganglia. In this case, it causes severe pain in the dermatomal segment innervated by the ganglion. Thus, segmental hyperalgesia and hyperesthesia occur around one half of the body. This segment is where the resistance is lowest. It is known that the main reason for the emergence of herpes zoster neuralgia in most of the patients who are followed and treated is the weakness of the immune system. Herpes zoster is localized in a segmental area in the cervical, thoracic and even lumbar region. The main purpose of the treatment is according to the segments involved. The main purpose is to reduce pain, increase circulation and metabolic processes (14, 31,32).
DERMATITIS
Atopic dermatitis is an intermittent inflammatory skin disease that presents with skin dryness and itching. Lichenification and eczema occur on the skin. As the lesions flare up from time to time and become more frequent, the aforementioned changes occur in the skin. In addition to these, it is possible to observe secondary infections and erythroderma from time to time. Many factors that cause the disease have been suggested, mainly environmental, familial history of atopy, infection, irritants, temperature changes, emotional factors, allergens, genetics and other factors (14, 31).
ECZEMA
Eczema is a skin disease that causes dryness, redness and flaking of the skin. The skin may become feverish and itchy a lot, and scratching may damage the skin and cause it to become infected. Eczema is not contagious. Eczema is also known as dermatitis, a term used for inflammation of the skin. Atopic eczema is the most well-known type of eczema and is associated with hay fever and asthma. Although the tendency to get atopic eczema is inherited, it is also highly affected by environmental factors. In all dermatitis, especially in infantile dermatitis, impaired intestinal flora is the most important cause (14, 31,32,33,34,35).
FUNGUS INFECTION
Fungal diseases of the mucosal membrane are always indicative of a weakened immune system. Immunosuppressives (sulfoamides, antibiotics and cortisone, etc.) cause fungal infections in the intestine by disrupting the intestinal flora. Thus, the gut itself becomes an interference field and causes immunosuppression. Circulation regulated by procaine injection eliminates these negative effects (14, 31,32,33,34,35).
PYRURITH
It is necessary to distinguish whether pyruritus, which means itching, is of neurogenic or psychogenic origin. Hormone axis should be included in the treatment in itching of psychogenic origin. It should not be ignored that thirst can also be an important cause of itching (14, 15, 21, 31,32,33,34,35).
SCLLERODERMA
It is a disease characterized by vasoconstriction, dysfunction of sweat glands and calcium metabolism disorder as a result of atrophy and sclerosis in the connective tissue. Since sympathectomy and parathyroidectomy are successful in this disease, successful results are obtained with the neuraltherapeutic approach (14, 15,16,17,21, 31,32,33,34,35).
TELEGIECTASIA
It is the enlargement of the terminal capillaries in the skin and becomes visible. It can be treated by applying procaine with a very fine needle (14, 21,31,32,33,34,35).
ALLERGIC DISEASES DUE TO ITS
They are the most common skin diseases. Allergic skin diseases include serum sickness, Quincke’s edema, hives, eczema and contact dermatitis. It is very difficult to find the cause of allergic skin diseases. For this purpose, the patient and his/her environment are thoroughly researched. Various skin tests are done. However, an SFS, kinesiological examination, intestinal flora analysis with the help of Vegatest, Proquant or Elektrovoll will play an important role in understanding the source of the problem. If necessary, the patient should be removed from the environment for a while. An attempt is made to find the cause of the allergy. These factors are; pollen, various nutrients, house dust, some drugs, intestinal parasites, etc. In allergic diseases, heredity, body structure and mental state, that is, psychological reasons, have a great role (14, 15,16,17, 20,31,32,33,34,35,39)
NTH TO SKIN DISEASES
The regulation mechanism must work well for the self-healing ability of the organism, and neurotherapy is one of the most effective methods that provide its basic regulation. Neural therapy approach in skin diseases (15,16,17,31,39):
It starts with the examination of Adler Langers points.
With the modler skin shift test, problematic levels are detected.
Quadellar is made around the problematic area.
Injections of the relevant segment are made.
Relevant ganglia are included in the treatment. Sympathetic trunk blockage, which has an upper effect on the problematic segment, is of great benefit.
IV procaine is applied to the problematic side.
Symptomatic treatment of the intestines is performed.
Paranasal sinuses are treated.
Abdominal treatment is performed.
Treatment of disruptive fields.
