Pimples occur as a result of changes in the sebaceous glands in the skin. Typically, it occurs on the face, neck, chest, back, and shoulders. Because these counted areas are rich in sebaceous glands. The duct of the sebaceous gland is connected to the hair follicle. This is called the pilosebaceous duct. Pimples appear on the skin in various forms.
Comedones are caused by the obstruction of the pilosebaceous duct with oil, dead skin cells, and sometimes bacteria. If the comedones open to the skin surface, the plug appears dark. These are called open comedones, black comedones, or blackheads. If the mouth of the comedon is closed, it is seen as a white head. It is in the form of skin-colored bubbles slightly protruding from the skin. This is called a closed comedon or a white-headed comedon.
Papule: Small red bumps with tenderness. Indicates inflammation or infection in the pilosebaceous duct.
Pustule: A red, tender blister with inflammation at the top.
Nodules: Large, painful structures on the skin surface.
Cyst: Pain is swelling filled with inflammation. It leaves marks on the skin.
There are three factors that cause acne:
Excessive oil (sebum) production.
Occlusion of the pilosebaceous duct
Bacteria increase.
The sebaceous glands secrete an oily substance called sebum. They spread to the skin surface by moving along the pilosebaceous duct. Thus, the scalp and skin are lubricated. If sebum and dead skin cells increase in the body, they come together and form a plug that blocks this channel. This is a suitable environment for bacteria to settle and reproduce.
Misconceptions about acne:
Fatty foods and chocolate: Studies have shown that they have no or minimal effects on acne formation.
Dirty skin: Does not cause acne. Scrubbing the skin with acne or washing it with strong washes irritates the skin and causes acne to increase. A simple wash is sufficient to remove excess oil and dead skin cells from the skin.
Risk factors that cause acne in people:
Hormonal changes in the body trigger or increase acne formation.
These changes are:
in adolescence
2-7 days before menstruation in women and girls
It occurs in the case of the use of drugs containing cortisone, androgens and ytium.
Skin contact of oily substances
Family history of acne
Friction and Pressure: Such as phone, cell phone, tight collar, backpack, helmet.
With acne treatment, oil production decreases, the excretion of dead skin cells accelerates, bacterial infection and inflammation decrease. Well-being is not seen before 4-8 weeks. Pimples may increase at the beginning of treatment and decrease afterward.
Acne treatment is with externally applied drugs or oral drugs. Externally applied drugs dry the oily skin and kill bacteria. Side effects such as dryness, burning, redness, peeling, and flaking may occur on the skin. Oral drugs are antibiotics and isotretinoin. Isotretinoin is used in cystic acne that leaves scars. It is used in cases of severe acne that do not respond to other acne treatments.
It should not be used during pregnancy as it causes serious congenital anomalies. Pregnancy should be achieved at least 6 months after the end of treatment. Eyes, mouth, lips, nose, skin dryness, itching, nosebleeds, muscle pain, sensitivity to the sun, and decreased night vision are among the most common side effects. It can increase triglyceride and cholesterol levels and liver enzymes. Depression and suicidality may increase
Oil production is reduced by suppressing the sebaceous glands with laser. It is also used to reduce scars. There may be temporary burns due to laser treatment.
Birth control pills, chemical peels are other acne treatments.
Laser, PRP mesotherapy, etc. in acne pits. As the treatment increases, successful results are obtained.
Post-Treatment Care:
Acne-prone areas should be washed twice a day with oil-free hands.
Water-based, comedogenic make-up products should be used. Make-up should be removed before going to bed.
It should be washed after activities that cause excessive sweating. Bacterial growth increases with the combination of oil and sweat.
Hair should be kept clean and should not touch the skin of the face.
