Dental treatments are very diverse and many patients may need more than one treatment. Correct planning of these treatments provides more comfortable and shorter treatment processes. At the first stage of the examination, patients are asked if they have any problems with their general health or whether they have a disease that requires them to be under the control of a doctor.

An important part of smile design is gum aesthetics.

EFT was significantly correlated with the severity and prevalence of coronary artery disease in positive exercise test patients. Keywords: Angiography, Coronary artery disease, Epicardial adipose tissue volume

We read the recent report “Relation of proinflammatory activity of epicardial adipose tissue to the occurrence of atrial fibrillation” by Mazurek et al. 1 Their purpose was to investigate epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) inflammatory activity using 18-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and in controls. The authors very clearly discussed inflammatory activity of EAT reflected by standardized uptake value is greater in patients with AF than that in controls. Inflammatory activity of EAT adjacent to left atrium, atrioventricular groove, and left main artery is greater than in subcutaneous or visceral thoracic tissue. In addition to their discussion, we aimed to emphasize the possible other relative mechanism between epicardial fat and AF, the contribution of cardioautonomic nervous system function.

As a consequence, we believe that the impairment of the cardiac autonomic nervous system function may be helpful in explaining the results of the article by Petta et al., [[1] ]. We hope that the above-mentioned items would add to the value of the well-written article of Petta et al. on the relationship between epicardial fat and NAFLD.

As a consequence, we believe that the relationship between on ANS function may be helpful in explaining the result of the article by Mazzoccoli et al. (3). We hope that the above-mentioned items would add to the value of the well-written article of Mazzoccoli et al. regarding the relationship between epicardial adipose tissue and impairment of CF.

Coronary artery fistula (CAF) is rare coronary anomaly. CAFs are usually asymptomatic and often detected incidentally during cardiac catheterization. Percutaneous closure and surgical ligation are the treatment options. Although there are many case reports of percutaneous closure of CAFs, but transradial approach have been reported in only one case. The pictures above shows closure thru the transradial approach

The pre-procedural PDW may be an independent predictor of both in-hospital and long-term adverse outcomes in patients with ACS.

On the other hand, there are some doubts about the anticoagulation regime of the patients of this study. In this study, about 6% of patients had a diagnosis of atrial fibrillation. Presence of risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes, coronary artery disease, and old age in the study population is associated with thromboembolism, bleeding, and high mortality risk. Therefore, CHADS2 or CHA2DS2-VASc (5) scores should have been calculated and possible effects should have been explained before discussing the study results

Brief Information About Our Lungs My goal is to help patients recognize and understand their own symptoms. Because in most diseases, the ‘story’ is half the way to diagnosis. Do you know…. The air surface area inside the lungs can fill the area of ​​a tennis court almost 300 square meters! The right lung has three lobes. The left lung, on the other hand, has only two lobes because the heart occupies more space. The air entering the nose is filtered, heated and humidified. There are defense mechanisms that protect the lungs against harmful substances, dust, particles, chemicals and microorganisms throughout the entire respiratory tract.