Quantitative (by making numerical measurements) Evaluation Method in Face Analysis Part 1
Facial aesthetic analyzes focused primarily on facial skin, supporting tissues, and facial bone relationships and were defined by a large number of variables. When evaluating facial esthetic mismatches, normal means and variables are compared with the information obtained from the patient. This type of analysis not only helps to measure individual changes, but also facilitates treatment planning, communication between specialist doctors and teaching treatment methods.
Each analysis examines many different measures to arrive at the study, diagnosis and treatment plan. When different analyzes are used to evaluate the same patient, different diagnoses, treatment plans and outcomes occur. The measurements used in these analyzes serve as a guide in calculating the change.
The facial skeleton and surrounding soft tissues determine facial harmony and balance. It is the structure of the covering soft tissues that provide the visual effect of the face and their relative proportions with each other. It has been noticed that possible anomalies in the facial skeletal system can be masked or exaggerated by the soft tissues.
The standard concept obtained at the end of these analyzes may describe the normal face pattern and the average very well, but may not be the best and most beautiful in the eyes of other people.
Evaluation by making quantitative, i.e. numerical measurements in face analysis is divided into 2 parts.
1. General quantitative assessment of the face;
2. Quantitative evaluation of the face by dividing it into anatomical areas;
assessment of the forehead
Evaluation of the eyes and eyelids
Evaluation of eyebrows
Evaluation of the nose
Evaluation of teeth and jawbones
Evaluation of the lips
Evaluation of laughter
General quantitative assessment of the face
In the quantitative evaluation of the face, the head must be in a natural position for measurements and ideal photographing. A standard has been developed for this. The line drawn just above the external auditory canal towards the bone border of the eyes should be parallel to the ground. This is called the Frankfort line.
It is known that a perfectly proportioned person is seven and a half times the height of his head. When viewed from the front, the human head forms a rectangle with a height of 3.5 and a width of 2.5.
The face is divided into 3 areas as upper, middle and lower, with reference to the trichion-hairline, the most prominent point between the glabella-eyebrows and the menton-the most prominent point of the chin. Normally these 3 parts should be equal. The middle section is larger in men than in women.
In western breeds, the middle 1/3 of the face is shorter than the upper 1/3. The upper and middle sections are shorter than the lower 1/3.
Upper, middle and lower parts of the face
Lower face height refers to the lower 1/3 of the face. This section changes during the development process. The average lower facial height for 6-year-old boys is 61.4mm, and at 18 it becomes 71.9mm. For girls, the average height at age 6 is 58.8mm, increasing to 65.5mm at age 18. Between the ages of 8–18, the average increase per year is 0.9mm for boys and 0.6mm for girls.
An increase in lower face height indicates excessive lower face height. The key is to compare the exact measurements of the mid and lower face with a proportional measurement.
The part from the base of the nose-subnacelle to the lowest soft tissue-menton of the chin is the lower 1/3 of the face. The lower face height is measured perpendicularly from Subnasale to Menton. The value measured from Glabella to soft tissue Menton is the total face height. The normal rate for lower face height is 53-56% of total facial height. This ratio remains relatively constant during development. It is very important to control the vertical dimension in patients with excessive lower face height.
The face height may increase. The reasons for this height;
Maxilla-maxilla length; The developmental process of the maxilla is long. This is normal and causes the teeth and gums to appear excessively while laughing.
Increase in the length of the lower jaw; It is the lengthening of the distance between the junction line of the lips-stomion and the lower point of the chin-menton in the lower part of the face. This is manifested by the length of the chin.
The face is divided vertically into 5 sections, equal to the length between the inner and outer corners of the eye and the intercanthal.
The ratio of the height and width of the face gives the face index – “Facial index”. This index provides the determination of the shape of the face (such as long, short, square).
The length/width of the face is 1.35 for men and 1.3 for women.
a; hairline- trichion and lower chin-menton distance, b; The distance between the cheekbone and the most protruding area of the zygomatic arch, Here it should be about 70% of the head. c; intertemporal-bitemporal distance. It should be 80-85% of cb. d Mandible corners-bigonial distance. It should be 70-75% of the db.
