What is a lung nodule (pulmonary nodule)?

WHAT CAUSES LUNG NODULE?
Lung nodules can occur for benign or malignant reasons. Among the benign causes
infections play an important role. Nodules associated with previous tuberculosis infection in our country
is insignificant. Benign tumors, rheumatic diseases, sarcoidosis, vascular
formations, dust exposure can be counted among other causes of benign nodules. Lung
Cancer is the most common cause of malignant lung nodules. Other organ cancers in the lung
can cause nodules.
WHEN IS A LUNG NODULE RISK OF CANCER?
The age of the person with the nodule is important. Cancer risk in nodules detected in advanced age (>50 years)
probably more. The risk increases exponentially, especially in smokers. Other than that, family history of cancer
Having a history of exposure to carcinogens (passive cigarette smoke, cigarette smoke, etc.)
asbestos, radon, etc.), having chronic lung disease (COPD, pulmonary fibrosis)
The risk of lung nodules being malignant, having previously been treated for cancer.
increasing reasons.
Diameter of the nodule, location in the lung and some radiological features (shape, density, etc.)
are other criteria to be considered in risk estimation. Cancer risk as the size of the nodule increases
increases.
HOW IS A LUNG NODULE DIAGNOSED?
Lung nodules are usually asymptomatic. Chest radiography or computed tomography
detected by chance. Differential diagnosis is important when a lung nodule is detected in a person. Firstly
cancer risk by looking at the detailed medical history of the patient and the structural features of the nodule.
must be calculated. No action is required for nodules that do not carry cancer risk.
For example, in very young and non-smokers, nodules <5 mm are usually associated with cancer risk.
does not carry. In other patients, action is taken according to the risk ratio. Patients at low risk of cancer
is followed. The follow-up interval is decided by looking at the size and shape of the nodule. Follows
done by computed tomography. Further examination in people with intermediate risk for cancer (PET-CT,
lung biopsy). Surgical removal of high-risk nodules and definitive
diagnosis is essential.
HOW IS LUNG NODULE TREATED?
Lung nodules are sequelae formations due to previous benign diseases in many people and
does not require any treatment. Their presence in the lung is a problem throughout the patient’s life.
does not create. The nodule present in the lung indicates an active disease (e.g. infection, rheumatic disease).
or cancer), that disease needs to be treated. Treatment of nodule due to lung cancer
accomplished by surgical removal. Radiation therapy in patients with disabilities to surgical treatment
possible.