There are several groups of drugs used orally in patients with Type 2 Diabetes. While some of them are effective by reducing insulin resistance, some of them are effective by secreting insulin from pancreatic beta cells, some of them are effective by increasing the secretion of some hormones on the intestine. There are also drugs that are effective by reducing the absorption of sugar. Insulin therapy may be required in patients whose blood sugar cannot be adjusted with oral medications or in patients with complications.
Type 1 diabetes patients should use insulin from the first diagnosis of the disease.
In patients with type 2 diabetes, blood glucose targets should be determined on an individual basis in accordance with the patient’s characteristics and clinical condition.
BLOOD SUGAR TARGETS
1- In general, in patients with diabetes, it should be preferred to set the HbA1C target as ≤6.5%, which shows the 3-month average glucose level. Higher targets can be set in elderly patients or those with frequent diabetes.
2- In the selection of treatment in diabetic patients, the daily needs of the patient should be taken into account, and the treatment should be individualized.
3-Fasting blood sugar (pre-meal sugar) should be 70-120 mg/dl in the patient.
4- Postprandial blood sugar is important in diabetes patients. Postprandial blood glucose should be measured 2 hours after the start of the meal. The postprandial blood glucose target should be <140 mg/dl. Elderly patients may set higher targets for postprandial blood glucose.
5- Before going to sleep at night, patients’ blood sugar should be 90-130 mg/dl.
