Allergic Asthma, the most important and potentially fatal disease among the allergic diseases we hear frequently today, will appear more frequently in the future. Allergic asthma develops due to the damage caused by allergens in the bronchial channels that form our airways in our lungs. Asthma is an airway disease often accompanied by bouts of shortness of breath, chest tightness, wheezing, and consecutive coughing as a result of narrowing of the bronchi.
HOW AS ASTHMA TAKES NAMES IN ADULTS
Allergic asthma is becoming an increasing problem for many people, especially with city life, and is a health problem whose frequency is increasing day by day. As with other ages, the biggest cause of asthma in adults is the result of contact with the allergen. When we say asthma, sometimes up to 80%, allergic asthma comes to mind.
Apart from this, it can occur as attacks as a result of encountering irritant stimuli containing chemicals such as dust, paint, perfume, detergents, or as a result of an infection. Allergic asthma is sometimes also called allergic bronchitis, spastic bronchitis, asthma. Asthma, which is usually due to allergies, is called allergic asthma.
WHAT IS THE FREQUENCY OF ASTHMA IN ADULTS?
Asthma is a serious public health problem that is estimated to affect approximately 300 million of the world’s population, although it varies according to various parts of the world. In our country, it can be seen in 5-7 out of every 100 adults, that is, in one of 10 people. Air pollution or regional differences in the environment we live in change these rates, it seems that it is becoming a more serious problem especially for those living in cities.
Although asthma usually presents as shortness of breath, wheezing and coughing, it may sometimes appear as a recurrent cough that does not go away. In this case, which occurs with coughing, it is actually a type of asthma. Allergic asthma can sometimes occur only when the patient encounters allergens such as house dust, pollen, cat and dog or latex that bothers the patient, and in other cases, he or she may not have any complaints. Therefore, asthma complaints may progress slowly and turn into permanent asthma over time. In fact, considering these patients, asthma may occur more frequently than we know.
CAN I PREVENT ASTHMA IN ADULTS?
Asthma can actually be prevented when caught in the allergic rhinitis or hay fever stage. Although it is not possible to completely get rid of asthma after it occurs, it is a treatable disease. Allergic patients, especially in the presence of allergic rhinitis complaints such as runny nose, sneezing, itching, congestion, can be treated before developing asthma.
Unfortunately, 40% of patients with allergic rhinitis develop asthma in the future. The runny nose turns into nasal congestion and then a post-nasal drip, this process continues with coughing and lastly, if there is asthma in the family, it ends as asthma with complaints of shortness of breath and wheezing. While it is easier to treat at the stage of allergic rhinitis, patients with allergic asthma can live their lives without any difference from other adults as a result of treatment. Asthma symptoms can be eliminated. Therefore, asthma is not a disease to be feared, which can be treated by adult allergists trained in the treatment before or after it occurs.
WHY DOES ALLERGIC ASTHMA OCCUR IN ADULTS?
Allergic asthma is a common disease in adults in Turkey as well as in the world. Allergy is an impaired, excessively exaggerated and harmful immune response that occurs as a result of a genetic predisposition and the contribution of environmental factors in the person. Depending on the response of our airways inside our lungs to allergens
The disease we call allergic asthma occurs. The most common basic symptoms of allergic asthma are frequent coughing, wheezing and shortness of breath. Asthma has many causes other than allergens. Air pollution causes asthma in the same way as chemicals in the environment. Measures can also be taken according to the answer to the question of how asthma occurred. Therefore, this article will provide important information that can be helpful to all asthmatic patients.
As in all allergic diseases, the most important cause of allergic asthma is genetics. Genetic and environmental factors together unfortunately lead to asthma. Having asthma, allergic rhinitis and eczema in the mother and/or father increases the risk of developing asthma.
The most important risk factor for allergic asthma is having an atopic nature. In other words, it is the person’s genetic tendency to develop allergies. Patients with an allergic nature produce antibodies, which we call IgE, against allergens in the environment later in their lives, and these antibodies then cause damage to the small airways in our lungs. As an indicator of this, the presence of allergic rhinitis is an important risk factor for the development of asthma in this patient. Some of the environmental factors are allergens, respiratory tract infections, smoking, air pollution, obesity.
Air pollution can cause asthma
Air pollution, especially due to traffic, construction and industry, can cause lung damage by causing asthma. Some of the occupational allergens can cause asthma, especially in bakers, carpenters or healthcare workers exposed to latex.
Diet is a factor affecting the development of asthma
Nutritional models such as natural nutrition and mediterranean diet are protective against asthma. is reported.
What are the causes of asthma?
Allergens, occupation, smoking, air pollution, respiratory tract infections, parasitic infections, socioeconomic status, family size, diet, drugs, obesity are the most common causes.
What are the causes that lead to asthma attacks or the continuation of complaints?
Allergens inside or outside the house, air pollution, respiratory infections, exercise, hyperventilation, air changes, sulfur dioxide, foods, additives, drugs, psychological factors, smoking, irritants are the first things that come to mind.
WHAT ARE ALLERGIC ASTHMA COMPLAINTS IN ADULTS?
Allergic asthma that occurs in adult patients is characterized by persistent cough attacks that develop especially at night and show repetitive features, lasting longer than 3 weeks, chest tightness, and wheezing attacks.
Shortness of breath, which is the most important complaint of allergic asthma, comes in attacks, and it is typical for the patient to wake up, especially at night. The patient generally does not have shortness of breath between attacks. Some of the patients can continue their normal lives during the day as the complaints of shortness of breath decrease and disappear. However, in many of them, shortness of breath may become permanent and disrupt the patient’s quality of life, causing constant awakening at night, loss of work force, emergency applications, and hospitalizations.
COULD Cough ONLY BE A SYMPTOM OF ASTHMA IN ADULTS?
Asthmatics do not necessarily have to have shortness of breath. There are forms of asthma with cough. Asthma should be considered as a possible diagnosis, especially when there are cough that comes at night and wakes the patient from sleep, and cough that comes with exertion. Patients with cough complaints, especially with exertion and chemical irritants, may sometimes have limitations in their lives, but asthma may continue to progress despite these restrictions. Asthma is among the first causes of chronic cough complaints. Other causes of coughing in patients should be excluded after a complete systemic examination. The most common causes of chronic cough in adults are post nasal discharge syndrome (PNAS), asthma, and gastroesophageal reflux (GER). Asthma, Post nasal discharge and Gastroesophageal reflux are responsible for 93% of chronic cough in adult patients. Almost all of the chronic cough complaints in people who do not smoke, do not use antihypertensive drugs (angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors) and have normal chest X-rays develop due to these diseases. But we need to know that many diseases, from rheumatic diseases to heart diseases, affect the lungs. Therefore, each patient should be tested for allergic asthma associated with coughing after a complete physical examination and evaluation. Cough complaints, like other complaints, should be evaluated by internal diseases and then they should be examined by allergy specialists.
The reason for all these complaints is hypersensitivity in the respiratory tract. These attacks are triggered by contact with allergens or by irritants such as dust, smoke, odor and exercise. Attacks come back. In the early period of asthma, the patient does not have a complaint or an examination finding between attacks. In the later stages of asthma, as permanent damage increases, asthma complaints begin to be continuous.
WHEN SHOULD ADULTS BE CONSIDERED MAY HAVE ALLERGIC ASTHMA?
Allergic asthma is becoming an increasing problem for many people, especially with city life, and it is a health problem whose frequency is increasing day by day. Although allergy asthma can be noticed early by patients, sometimes there are difficulties in diagnosing it.
Many allergic patients need to go to the doctor when their complaints progress. However, if allergic asthma patients apply to allergy specialists when they complain of allergic rhinitis or hay fever, nasal discharge, congestion, itching, sneezing, maybe 40% of asthma will be prevented. As is known, asthma is seen together in 40% to 60% of patients with allergic rhinitis and recurrent sinusitis (nasal polyp).
In which situations should we consider that we may have allergic asthma? If the answers to the following questions are yes, you may have allergic asthma
Have you heard wheezing or whistling in your chest in the last 1 year?
Have you ever woken up at night with an attack of shortness of breath in the last 1 year?
Have you woken up at any time of the night with a cough attack in the last 1 year?
Have you woken up with a feeling of tightness in your chest at any time in the last 1 year?
Have you ever had an attack of shortness of breath following strenuous exercise?
Have you ever had an attack of shortness of breath while resting in daytime conditions?
Do you feel good after any attack or are your complaints constant?
If you answered “yes” to one of these questions, did you have few or no complaints at home, away from work or while traveling? The question shows that it occurs when you come into contact with the allergen responsible for your complaints.
It is more important for those who have a family history of allergic asthma complaints and a diagnosis to ask themselves these questions. If there is asthma in the family, especially those who have allergic nasal discharge, congestion, itching and sneezing, they should definitely be evaluated by allergy specialists.
ADULT ALLERGIC ASTHMA PATIENTS WHAT PREPARATIONS SHOULD BE MADE WHEN GOING TO THE DOCTOR?
Allergic asthma, which occurs in adult patients, is characterized by persistent cough attacks that develop especially at night and show repetitive features, lasting longer than 3 weeks, a feeling of chest tightness, and wheezing attacks. If your answer to the questions we asked about allergic asthma is yes, if you have allergic asthma complaints, how should I prepare for the diagnosis of allergic asthma when going to the doctor? Do you know what to watch out for? If you don’t know, you should read this article.
If you have allergic asthma symptoms, you can apply to an Adult Allergy Specialist
If you have allergic asthma symptoms, you can apply to an allergic disease specialist. Because allergy specialists are specialists who have received training on allergic asthma and allergic diseases and have received an allergy specialization diploma as a result of this training, and are also experts in immunology and allergy diseases, who are also internal medicine specialists.
It would be good to bring the medications you are using with you
It will be useful to bring the medications you are using with you when you go to the allergist.
If possible, do not take some medications a week before
If it is not necessary, allergy medications (antihistamines), cough medications, cold medications, antidepressants should not be used under the control of a doctor, starting 1 week before. Because if allergy test is required, it is necessary not to use these drugs a week before. Breathing spray and vapors do not affect the allergy test. Antipyretics and antibiotics containing only paracetamol do not affect the allergy test. However, if it is necessary to use some drugs forcibly, first of all, the patient’s complaints should be reduced, controlled and relieved. Necessary tests can be done after relaxation.
Bring previous tests and x-rays with you
First of all, if you have previous tests and x-rays, you should definitely bring them with you. Because, necessary analyzes and x-ray films can be taken according to the results of the examination. It is necessary to avoid the repetition of previous analyzes.
Hunger or fullness is not important
There is no need to come hungry as allergy testing may be required. Hunger or satiety doesn’t matter. Therefore, it will be better to come full.
As a result;
– Take the medicines you use with you when you go to the adult allergist.
– If not, stop taking allergy medications, cough medications and cold and antidepressant medications with your doctor 1 week beforehand.
-You can come full because hunger or satiety is not important.
-Bring previous analysis and films with you.
HOW IS ALLERGIC ASTHMA DIAGNOSED IN ADULTS?
Allergic asthma is becoming an increasing problem for many people, especially with city life, and it is a health problem whose frequency is increasing day by day. Allergic asthma is characterized by persistent cough attacks that develop especially at night and show repetitive features, lasting longer than 3 weeks, a feeling of chest tightness, and wheezing attacks. How to diagnose allergic asthma in patients with asthma complaints. We will try to answer the question of what are allergic asthma tests.
Asthma symptoms should be questioned for the diagnosis of allergic asthma
In diagnosing allergic asthma, it is very important to take the patient’s complaints and history correctly and to be examined by a physician. The patient can sometimes be seen during an attack and the examination findings at this time may help in the diagnosis, but most of the time, the patient is seen by the allergist after the attack. After the attacks, the patient may not have any examination findings.
Therefore, it is important to get a good history and complaints of the patient. Allergic asthma is seen with persistent cough attacks that develop especially at night and show repetitive features, lasting longer than 3 weeks, a feeling of tightness in the chest, and wheezing attacks.
Apart from this, coughing or wheezing in the lungs after sports or exercise, coughing after every flu, frequent coughing with seasonal transitions are important for allergic asthma.
Examination findings are important in the diagnosis of allergic asthma
After the allergic asthma symptoms are questioned, the examination is started. Examination finding may be completely normal. However, wheezing may be heard in the lungs during the period of coughing symptoms. It is said that a sound similar to a whistle sounds when breathing, especially by patients. Sometimes a sound can be heard while breathing, even from afar, without even listening to your back. Shortness of breath may occur. In the absence of allergic asthma symptoms, the lungs may appear completely normal.
Necessary tests should be done in the diagnosis of allergic asthma
After the allergic asthma symptoms are questioned and examined, examinations are started. Allergy testing is required in patients with asthma. Between 60% and 80% of asthmatic patients are allergic asthma, so allergy tests are important. Necessary tests such as respiratory function test, blood tests, and lung films are performed. According to the results, it is decided whether there is allergic asthma
Allergy test is very important in the diagnosis of allergic asthma
Allergy test is very important in the diagnosis of allergic asthma. Performing allergy skin tests will show whether asthma is allergic. It is absolutely necessary to examine asthmatic patients in terms of allergies.
If asthma is allergic, two more options are added to drug treatment, such as avoiding allergens to which you are allergic and vaccination, which has a very important place in the treatment of asthma. With the allergy test, it is decided what the allergy is due to, the degree of allergy, and which allergen can be vaccinated with the appropriate allergen after the test. Allergy testing is the first priority to be done through the skin.
Skin allergy tests give the most accurate results compared to blood allergy tests.
Because while the allergy test made from blood varies according to the quality of the device where the test is performed, the allergy test made from the skin gives more accurate results. Although skin allergy testing can be done at any age for the diagnosis of allergic asthma, it is usually performed after 2-3 years of age in children and at any age in all adult patients. Allergy testing by allergy specialists is very important in terms of correct diagnosis and treatment, and deciding whether to start allergy vaccination.
Tests performed by pulmonologists or ENT specialists who are not allergy specialists are misinterpreted. Physicians other than allergy specialists are not authorized to start allergy vaccinations. Incorrect tests performed by chest physicians and ENT physicians other than allergy physicians may lead to incorrect vaccines or unnecessary vaccination treatments for a long time.
For the diagnosis of allergy, some drugs should be discontinued one week before the allergy test.
For the diagnosis of allergic asthma, cough medications, allergy medications (antihistamines), cold and antidepressant medications should be discontinued one week before allergy testing is performed. In particular, antipyretic drugs containing decongestants or antihistamines should be discontinued by asking the doctor. However, in patients with more complaints, it would be more appropriate to first reduce the symptoms of the disease and then do an allergy test one week after the drugs are stopped.
Education is important for diagnosing allergic asthma
As with all allergic diseases, education is important for diagnosing allergic asthma. Experts who have received special training in allergic asthma and are active in this field are allergy specialists. Adult allergists are specialists who are trained in allergic asthma and allergy diseases and have a diploma in adult allergy specialists, as well as internal medicine specialists.
As a result;
-For the diagnosis of allergic asthma, first of all, allergy asthma symptoms are questioned.
-Patients with allergic asthma symptoms are examined.
-Necessary tests are done after the allergic asthma examination.
-Allergy tests should be done by allergy specialists in the diagnosis of allergic asthma.
-Education is important in the diagnosis of allergic asthma, and experts who receive special training on this subject are allergy specialists.
HOW TO TREAT ASTHMA IN ADULTS?
Allergic asthma is becoming an increasing problem for many people, especially with city life, and it is a health problem whose frequency is increasing day by day. The most important problem for patients who have been examined by allergy specialists and diagnosed with allergic asthma is how to treat them. Allergic asthma treatment should not be done by allergy specialists. In this article, we will try to answer the question of how the treatment should be done after the diagnosis of allergic asthma
Correct Diagnosis is Important in the Treatment of Allergic Asthma
The importance of performing the tests for the diagnosis of allergic asthma by allergy physicians is very important, especially in terms of determining how to treat it. . For the treatment of allergic asthma, the correct diagnosis must first be made. It is important to correctly perform and interpret the tests for allergic asthma in order to make a correct diagnosis. Patients who are mistakenly diagnosed with allergic asthma may have to use asthma medications for many years for nothing. Apart from this, if the diagnosis of allergic asthma cannot be made, the diagnosis of allergic asthma will be missed and he will have to go to the emergency department of the hospital due to frequent illness due to shortness of breath and unnecessary antibiotics will be used. For these reasons, the correct diagnosis of allergic asthma is very important.
Allergic Asthma Treatment in Adults consists of many steps.
In the treatment of allergic asthma, as in all allergic diseases, it starts with prevention first and then has five steps: drug therapy, allergy vaccination, complementary therapy and education.
Prevention Therapy in the Treatment of Allergic Asthma
When it comes to prevention in the treatment of allergic asthma, it is a treatment to protect against the factors that cause and trigger allergic asthma. Prevention treatment can be in the form of avoiding allergens and avoiding triggers as much as possible. It is very important for the patient to comply with the prevention methods from the causes that cause the development of allergic asthma. Protection from allergens that cause allergies also affects the drug treatments and treatment methods that we will apply in the future.
– Protection from Allergens
Protection from allergens is especially important for allergic diseases. If the allergen that causes allergic asthma can be detected, protection from allergens that cause allergic asthma comes to the fore. For example, if you are allergic to house dust mites, preventive measures should be taken against mites living in items that take up a lot of space in our lives. If there is an allergy to pollens, precautions should be taken to protect against pollen, especially in the periods when pollen calendars and pollen counts are higher abroad. If there is an allergy to animal hairs such as cats and dogs, precautions should be taken to protect against animal hair. For those who are exposed to allergens professionally, it is important to take precautions against these allergens in the workplace. Vaccine therapy (immunotherapy) is the most important treatment option for allergens that we cannot avoid despite taking precautions.
– Protection from Triggers
One of the most important triggers for the emergence of allergic asthma attacks is flu epidemics, which are recurrent viral infections that are more common in winter seasons. The most important protection against triggers is protection against the flu. In order to protect against the flu, it may be recommended to get the flu vaccine in September, which is before the flu season. People with allergic asthma are very sensitive to smells. It will be beneficial to avoid strong-smelling perfumes due to excessive bronchial hyperreactivity or hypersensitivity that develops over time in asthma, cleaning with non-perfumed detergents and choosing odorless cleaning materials.
Smoking is one of the most important problems and triggers for all asthmatic patients. Smoking contains many harmful substances that directly affect all airways. Permanent and continuous airway damage is caused in both chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (chronic bronchitis + emphysema) and smoking-related lung diseases such as asthma
Smoking can trigger acute asthma attacks in patients with asthma; In addition, there is a very close relationship between asthma severity and exposure to cigarettes. Even being exposed to cigarettes in childhood poses a great risk for asthma in the future. Our recent knowledge indicates that active smoking is an important risk factor for the onset of asthma in adults.
Since the complaint of chronic cough can be associated with many diseases in adult patients, systemic examination should be performed. Reflux, which is one of the causes of chronic cough, is also a triggering factor and reflux treatment is recommended in patients with reflux symptoms.
Treatment of allergic rhinitis or hay fever, which is very common with allergic asthma, should be given together. As long as the nasal congestion of the patient with nasal congestion due to allergic rhinitis is not relieved, mouth breathing, which is the easiest way for all allergens, begins and the allergens reach directly into the lungs. Allergic asthma of patients whose allergic rhinitis is not treated cannot be cured. If there is eczema, giving eczema treatment increases the success of allergic asthma treatment.
Is it important to avoid triggers of Allergic Asthma in Adults?
Especially obesity contributes to the development of allergic asthma. Because fat cells in obese people release some substances that cause asthma. For this reason, it will be beneficial for those with obesity to lose weight and avoid obesity. Eating fast food, in particular, can trigger asthma attacks.
Air pollution is one of the biggest problems of city life. Especially in periods when air pollution is intense, it is necessary not to stay outside for long, and again, windows should not be opened during periods of high air pollution, and the polluted air outside should be prevented from entering the room. If necessary, air filter devices can be used in the room to clean the air chamber.
There is a definite relationship between smoking and the development of allergic sensitization and future asthma. For these reasons, we should direct them to quit smoking with or without allergic asthma and ensure that they are protected from passive smoking.
What is Drug Therapy in Adult Allergic Asthma Treatment?
There are two types of drug therapy in the treatment of allergic asthma: relaxing and curative.
-Reliever Drug Therapy in the Treatment of Allergic Asthma
The most important complaint in patients with allergic asthma is shortness of breath, so shortness of breath should be eliminated as soon as possible. In the treatment of allergic asthma, drugs provide relief in cough and shortness of breath by expanding the bronchi in the relief drug treatment. It is used for 1-2 weeks only during periods of cough, wheezing and shortness of breath. When used alone, it can only eliminate complaints, but it does not cure allergic asthma.
– Curative Treatment in Allergic Asthma Treatment
The most important drugs required for the treatment of allergic asthma are curative treatments that are controllable. There are medications with and without cortisone. Bu tedaviler akciğerlerdeki alerjik astım nedeniyle gelişen hasarı düzeltmek için kullanılmaktadır. Çoğu kez rahatlatıcı ilaçlarla birlikte kullanılırlar astımın durumuna bağlı olarak uzun süreli kullanılır. Hastalar tarafından çoğu kez kortizon içerdiği için kullanılmak istenmeyen ilaçlar aslında içerdikleri kortizon çok az miktardadır ve dozları hastaya zarar vermeyen dozlar olarak ayarlanması gerekir. Kortizon içeren ilaçlar uygun verilirse hep korkulan kortizonun zararı olmayacaktır.
Yetişkinlerde Alerjik Astım Tedavisinde Alerji Aşı Tedavisi gerekli midir ?
Alerjik astım tedavisinde alerji aşısı çocuklarda olduğu gibi yetişkin hastalarda da etkili bir tedavidir. Alerjik astım hastalığında şikayetlere yol açan alerjenlerden uzak kalmak çok önemlidir. Kedi, köpek, lateks gibi bazı alerjenlerden uzak kalınırsa şikayetler kontrol altına alınır. Çok daha yaygın bulunan ev tozu veya polenler ile teması kesmek mümkün olmamaktadır. Bu durumda bu alerjenlere karşı vücudumuzda tolerans geliştirerek benzer şekilde şikayetlerin kontrol altına alınmasını sağlar. Yani daha fazla alerjen kontrollü olarak alerji hekimleri kontrolünde vücudumuza verilmesi ile aşı tedavisi (immünoterapi) ile sağlanır. Alerji aşıları dilaltı ve cilt altı enjeksiyon aşısı olmak üzere iki tiptir. Dil altı aşısı da damla, sprey ve tablet aşısı olmak üzere 3 tiptir. Dilaltı sprey ve damla aşılar ne yazık ki artık üretilmemektedir. Cilt altı enjeksiyonlar da daha etkili tedavi yöntemidir. Alerji aşıları alerjik astımın nedeni olan alerjiye karşı vücudu alıştırmakta ve bağışıklığı artırıp bronşların zarar görmesini engellemektedir. Alerji aşıları ile alerjik astım kontrolü sağlandığı gibi tedavi sonrasında tamamen ortadan kaldırılması da mümkün olabilir. Alerji aşıları başladıktan sonra ilaç ihtiyacını azaltmakta ve hatta ortadan kaldırmaktadır. Alerji aşılarında kortizon ve hormon bulunmaz sadece alerjenler bulunur.
Aşı tedavisi (İmmünoterapi) alerjik hastalıkların doğal gidişini değiştiren tek tedavi yöntemidir. Bu nedenle İmmünoterapiye erken dönemde başlanılmalıdır. İmmünoterapi en son başvurulacak bir tedavi seçeneği olarak değil, hastalığın erken döneminde ilaç tedavisine ek olarak uygulanan bir tedavi seçeneği olmalıdır.
-Alerjik Astım Tedavisinde Tamamlayıcı Tedavi
Alerjik astım tedavisinde tamamlayıcı tedavi korunma, ilaç tedavisi ve alerji aşısı yanında verilen destek tedavisine tamamlayıcı tedavi denilmektedir. Birçok yöntem uygulanmış ancak bilimsel olarak önemli bir faydası bulunmamıştır. Özellikle akapunktur, biorezinans, homeopati gibi tamamlayıcı tedavilerde bilimsel olarak çok faydalı olduğunu yönelik sonuçlar saptanmamıştır. Bitkisel tedavi yolları denenebilir fakat bazı bitkilerin tedaviden çok zararı olabileceği de unutulmamalıdır.
Alerjik Astım Tedavisinde Eğitim
Alerjik astım tanısı konulduktan sonra en önemli sorun tedavi çünkü astım tedavisi için uygulana tedaviler uzun yıllar devam edebilmektedir. Bu yüzden alerjik astım tedavisinde eğitim çok önemlidir. Özellikle astım için kullanılan ilaçların nasıl kullanılacağı konusunda eğitim verilmesi ve ilaçların doğru kullanılması çok önemlidir. Aksi takdirde ilaçların yanlış kullanılması tedavi başarısızlığına neden olacaktır. Ayrıca astım tedavisi bir bütün olarak bakıldığında korunma tedavisi, ilaç tedavisi ve özellikle 3-5 yıl sürebilen aşı tedavisinde alerjik astımlı hastalara eğitim verilmesi önemlidir.
Sonuç olarak;
-Alerjik astım tedavisi için doğru teşhis önemlidir.
-Alerjik astım tedavisi bir bütün olarak değerlendirilmeli ve tedavideki bütün basamaklar ; korunma tedavisi, ilaç tedavisi, alerji aşısı, tamamlayıcı tedavi ve eğitim birlikte yapılmalıdır
-Alerji uzmanlarının kontrolünde uygulanan Alerji aşısının başarısı yüz güldürücüdür.
-Alerjik astım tedavisinde ilaçların nasıl kullanılacağının eğitimi çok önemlidir.
Yetişkinlerde Alerjik Astım Tedavi Edilmezse Neler Olur?
Alerjik astım özellikle şehir yaşamı ile birlikte birçok insan için giderek artan bir sorun haline gelmektedir ve sıklığı her geçen gün artan bir sağlık sorunudur. Alerji uzmanları tarafında tetkikleri yapılan ve alerjik astım tanısı konan hastaların ileri yıllarda daha büyük sorunlara dönüşmeden tedavilerinin yapılması gereklidir. Alerjik astım tedavisi mutlaka alerji uzmanları tarafından yapılmadır. Alerjik astım tedavisi yapılmadığında ciddi sorunlara neden olur. Tedavi edilmediğinde ne gibi sorunlar oluşabilir sorusunu cevaplamaya çalışacağız.
Yetişkinlerde Alerjik Astım Tedavi Edilmezse Akciğerler Etkilenebilir
Alerjik astım tanısı konan hastaların asıl tanı konulduktan sonra en önemli kısmı tedavi oluşturmaktadır. Uzun ve çeşitli ilaç tedavileri ile birlikte aşı tedavisini içeren tedavi basamakları hasta için çok önemlidir. Alerjik astım tedavi edilmezse sık öksürük, nefes darlığı şikayetlerinde artış olur. Balgam çıkarılamaz. Bunun sonucunda zatürre gelişebilir. Sık tekrarlayan Zatürre atakları sonucunda akciğerlerde kalıcı hasara yol açabilir. Tedavi edilmeyen alerjik astım ne yazık ki aynı şekilde kalmaz daha fazla ilerler ve tedavisi zor astım haline gelir bununla birlikte Astım atakları nedeniyle sık sık hastanelerin acil servislerin de yatırılmak zorunda kalınabilir.
Alerjik Astım Tedavi Edilmezse Akciğerlerde Kalıcı Hasarlar Gelişebilir
Alerjik rinit yani burun akıntısı tıkanıklık şikayetleri ile başlayıp alerjik astıma dönüşebilen bu hastalık daha sonra tedavi edilmezse bronşlarda kalıcı hasarlar gelişir. Bunun sonucunda da ömür boyu sürecek olan tedavisi daha zor astım gelişir.
Alerjik Astım Tedavi Edilmezse Yüksek Doz İlaçlar Gerekebilir
Alerjik astım tedavi edilmezse sık öksürük, sık nefes darlığı gelişir. Kış aylarında daha fazla artış gösteren sık sık hastalanıp hastaneye yatmak zorunda kalınır. İleride zor astım olarak adlandırdığımız tedavisi daha zor ve birçok ilaç yanıt vermeyen astım haline gelirler
Sonuç olarak;
-Alerjik astım tedavi edilmezse zatürre gelişebilir.
-Alerjik astım tedavi edilmezse akciğerlerde kalıcı hasarlar gelişir.
-Alerjik astım tedavi edilmezse yüksek doz ilaçlar ve antibiyotik ihtiyacı ortaya çıkabilir.
-Alerjik astım tedavi edilmezse yüksek doz ilaçlara yanıt alınamayan ileride tedavisi daha zor olan zor astıma dönüşebilir.
Yetişkinlerde ortaya çıkan Zor astım nedir ve nasıl tedavi edilir.?
Alerjik astım yetişkinlerde sık görülen uzun sureli bir hastalıktır. Alerjik astımın başlıca belirtileri sık öksürük, nefes sıkışması ve göğüs ağrısıdır. Alerjik astım tedavisi korunma, ilaç tedavisi, alerji aşıları, tamamlayıcı tedaviler ve eğitim olmak üzere beş basamaktan oluşmaktadır. Alerjik astım tedavi edilmezse ciddi sorunlara neden olabilir. Tedavi edilmediği zaman tedavisi daha zor olan Zor astım haline gelebilir. Zor astım tedavisi nasıldır ? ve yeni geliştirilen ilaçlar var mı ? ile ilgili soruları cevaplamak için bu makaleyi yazdık
Zor Astım nedir ?
Zor astım klinisyenlerin tedavisi zor olan astımda kullandıkları, tanımı hala tartışmalı bir terimdir. 6-12 aylık bir sürede standart tedaviyle kontrol edilemeyen, ağır astımlı, kortizona bağımlı ya da kortizona dirençli astım olgularını içermektedir. Astım ataklarının sıklığına, semptomların başlangıç hızına, hastalığın süresine ve tedaviye cevap durumuna göre değişik şekilleri mevcuttur. Özellikle uzun süre alerjen maruziyeti sonrasında ortaya çıkan ve tedaviye yanıt vermeyen ağır astımda Anti IgE tedavi yeni bir tedavi seçeneği olarak kullanılmaktadır. Alerjik astımlı hastaların hayat kalitesini ve ilaç kullanımını ve acil yatışlarını azalttığı gösterilmiştir.
Anti IgE TEDAVİ NEDİR ?
Astımlı hastaların tedavisinde yeni kullanılan ilaç Anti IgE olarak adlandırılan tedavidir.
Astım en sık nedeni olan alerjik hastalıklarda en önemli madde alerjenlere karşı oluşan IgE adını verdiğimiz antikorlardır. Dolaşımda yer alan IgE’ler alerji hücrelerin üzerine yerleşir ve sonrasında alerjen ile temas ettiğimizde nefes darlığı, hırıltı ve balgam gibi şikayetlere yol açan kimyasal maddelerin salınmasına yol açar. Anti IgE tedavi dediğimiz ilaç dolaşımdaki IgE’ leri bağlayarak alerji hücresinin üzerine yapışmasını engeller ve bu şekilde alerji hücrelerinden kimyasal maddelerin salınması engellenmiş olur.
Anti IgE tedavi ne zaman kullanılır?
Anti-IgE inhaler kortizonlarla kontrol altına alınamayan ağır alerjik astımı olan, tedavisi zor olan yıl boyu bir allerjene (akar, küf, ev hayvanı) duyarlı hastalarda kullanılabilir. Anti IgE tedavi şikayetlerin kontrol altına alınmasını sağladığı ayrıca rahatlatıcı ilaç kullanma gereksinimini, ve astım alevlenmelerin azalmasını sağladığı gösterilmiştir.
Anti IgE tedavi yanıtı nasıl değerlendirilir. ?
Yeni geliştirilen bu ilaçlar ile zor astım tedavisi sağlanabilmektedir. Zor astımlı hastalar alerji uzmanları tarafından muayene edilip değerlendirildikten sonra tedaviye 2 haftada bir veya 4 haftada bir olacak şeklinde kola iğne şeklinde yapılarak tedavi edilmeye başlanır.
Tedavinin 16. haftasında hastanın tedaviye yanıtı şikayetlerin azalmasına, rahatlatıcı ilaç kullanımının ve alevlenmelerin azalmasına bakarak değerlendirilir. Son veriler uzun süreli tedavi sonrasında Anti IgE tedavi kesilmesine rağmen şikayetleri geri gelmediğini göstermektedir. Sadece Alerji uzmanlarının bulunduğu ve tedavi için uygun şartların sağlandığı merkezlerde yapılmalı ve uygulama sonrası hastalar en az iki saat bekletilmelidir.
Sonuç olarak;
-Alerjik astım tedavi edilmezse zor astıma dönüşebilir.
-Alerjik zor astım Anti IgE ile tedavi edilebilir.
-Alerjik zor astım tedavisinde kullanılan Anti IgE tedavi ile astım atakları ve ilaç kullanımı azalabilir.
-Alerjik zor astım tedavisinde kullanılan Anti IgE tedavi sadece alerji uzmanları tarafından yazılabilir ve uygulanabilir.
