Diabetes and vascular occlusion

Diabetes mellitus is one of the most important risk factors for atherosclerosis.

When diabetes is mentioned, non-healing wounds on the feet immediately come to mind. In fact, this complication occurs as a result of vascular occlusion. So why is diabetes so important? Why are we worried about this type of atherosclerosis? Since diabetes (diabetes) widely disrupts the vascular wall, widespread stenosis occurs not only in one place. That’s why the situation is dire. Calcification of both the heart and leg veins causes vision loss and ultimately kidney failure.

If you look at the numbers below, you will see how dangerous this is.

68% of people with Diabetes at the age of 65 die from Cardiovascular Diseases. 16% of them die due to paralysis.

• Those with diabetes have a 2-4 times higher chance of dying from cardiovascular disease than those without.

A long-term high level of glucose (sugar) in the blood (hyperglycemia) is closely related to cardiovascular diseases.

According to 2010 data in Turkey, 7.4% of the adult population has diabetes. Atherosclerosis in patients with diabetes develops at an early age and accelerates in the last period.

More than 55% of deaths in diabetes are due to cardiovascular disease. It is known that diabetes increases the development of coronary heart disease by 81% independently of other risk factors.

Diabetes increases the calcification of the vessel wall. It causes widespread calcification in the entire arterial system.

DIAGNOSIS OF DIABETES:

The fasting blood glucose (FGW) level of a person who does not have diabetes does not rise above 120 mg/dl in fasting and 140 mg/dl in satiety (two hours after starting the meal, postprandial blood glucose: TGS). Above these values ​​indicate Diabetes.

Whether a person has diabetes or not is determined by measuring Fasting Blood Glucose (FGL) or Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT, Sugar Loading Test). A FBC measurement of 100-125 mg/dl means HID SUGAR (prediabetes).

A FBC measurement result of 126 mg/dl or more indicates the presence of diabetes.

In OGTT, the blood glucose value 2 hours after taking glucose-rich liquid is important. If the second hour blood glucose measurement is 140-199 mg/dl, latent sugar is diagnosed, and if it is 200 mg/dl or higher, diabetes is diagnosed.

Type 1 diabetes occurs when the beta cells in the pancreas that produce insulin are damaged by autoimmune (defense mechanism against viruses or foreign substances destroys their own cells).

There is an insulin deficiency. They take lifelong insulin hormone externally (injection).

Type 1 diabetes is referred to as Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus = IDDM.

Type 1 diabetes accounts for 10% of cases. Diabetes develops in 1-42 out of 100,000 children under the age of 15.

What is Type 2 Diabetes?

Type 2 Diabetes is simply a form of diabetes that occurs when there is not enough insulin for the body or the effect of insulin is lost. In general, obesity and malnutrition are blamed.

Who Is At A Higher Risk Of Type 2 Diabetes?

• Those with diabetes in their family
• fat people,
• Women who gave birth to a baby weighing more than 4 kg,
• People living under stress have a higher risk of developing diabetes.

What Are the Complications of Diabetes?

High blood sugar for a long time damages large and small vessels (arteriopathy) and nerves (neuropathy), as a result of which there is a disorder in the relevant organ.

Cardiovascular Diseases:

The entire arterial system is affected. There is narrowing of the heart vessels, leg veins and kidney veins. As a result, heart attack, difficulty walking and wounds can occur in the legs. Paralysis occurs as a result of stenosis in the jugular vein. People with diabetes have a 2-5 times greater risk of heart disease or stroke. Veins in the legs are also affected, and this can lead to neuropathy as well as limb loss (amputation).

Retinopathy (damage to the eyes):

It is the leading cause of blindness and visual impairment in adults. 2% of people who have been diabetic for 15 years and whose sugar is not controlled become blind, while 10% develop severe visual impairment.

Nephropathy (damage to the kidneys):

It is a major threat to people with diabetes. Up to 40% of people with uncontrolled type 1 diabetes may develop severe kidney disease by the age of 50, which may require dialysis and/or kidney transplant.

Neuropathy (damage to the nerves):

It affects at least half of people with diabetes. Diabetic nerve disease can cause loss of sensation in the legs and feet, resulting in foot wounds and amputation. Diabetes is always considered in leg amputations. Diabetic nerve disease can also lead to impotence.

Source TDV and TED.

Diabetics notice wounds late. Since nerve damage prevents pain, they cannot see the wound especially because it is under the foot. They themselves should check the bottom of their feet with a mirror.

Finally, let me give you an example.

If you do an angiography on a woman who has been using insulin for ten years and has had cataract surgery and is over 50 years old, you will find almost 100% stenosis in her arteries.

You can also check out the following videos on my youtube channel.

Stay well.

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