TRICHINOSE: TRICHINOSE
It is a contagious, zoonotic disease that causes inflammation (inflammation, inflammation) in the intestines and muscles of animals and humans. The disease is most common in Pigs, Rats, Dogs, Cats, Foxes, Bears, Badgers and Beavers. It can also be transmitted to humans. The disease occurs in countries where pork is eaten. Pork meat, which is sold uncontrolled (illegal) in our country, is occasionally encountered, especially because it is eaten raw.
ACTIVE: The causative agent of the disease is the parasite called Trichinella spiralis, and the adult tapeworm (strip) shape is barely visible, the male is 1.5 mm long, the female is 4 mm long, in the form of a very small thin thread and is found in the intestines. Trichin, the larva of this, is found in the muscles and is 0.5-1 mm in length with a pointed head and in the form of a spiral (spiral). 2 to 7 of these Trichines are contained in a lemon-shaped capsule.
Trichines in the muscles remain alive in the animal body for up to 30 years. In slaughtered animal meat, they die at 55 C, in salted, smoked and rotten meat, it can survive for 2-3 months, at -4 C for 1 year, at -15 C for 1 month, at -25 C for 15 days. The disease can be caused by feeding diseased meat to laboratory animals for experimental purposes.
CONTAMINATION: Disease Trichinic meats, Trichinic residues of kitchens, slaughterhouses and butcher shops, Trichinic rat, mouse, fox and badger cadavers carcasses, animal (dead), Trichinic feces contaminated feed and water from the digestive system of pigs. is found.
Adult Trichines form thousands of embryos after fertilization in the intestines, which enter the blood and lymph tracts from the intestinal margin and settle in the muscles. The larvae, which are eaten with trichinic meats, come to the stomach and after the capsule melts, they go to the edge of the intestine and become mature, fertilize and give thousands of embryos, which enter and settle in the muscles via blood and lymph; They grow 1 mm in 3 weeks, and in 2 months they are surrounded by a capsule like a lemon, some of these capsules become calcified. Larvae entering the muscles change their coat and become diseased after 15 days.
SYMPTOMS: If the adult Trichines in the intestines are in large numbers, pain, diarrhea and enteritis begin 1-2 weeks later and end with death within a few weeks. If Trichin larvae in the muscles are too many; Itching, swelling of the face, stiffness, difficulty in movement, hoarseness, difficulties in chewing and swallowing, stiffness in the jaw and trismus, edema in the body are observed. The animals recover in 1-2 months.
SYMPTOMS IN HUMAN: Intestinal Trichinosis; Deaths are seen with severe symptoms such as thirst, sweating, diarrhea, enteritis, pneumonia, meningitis and anemia. Rheumatic pains in the form of muscles, stiffness, facial swelling, difficulty in speaking, cough, fever, if not treated, will end in death in 1-2 weeks.
AUTOPSY: Enteritis and peritonitis are seen in intestinal Trichinosis in slaughtered and deceased animals. Adult Trichinosis is seen with x 40 magnification under the microscope from the material taken from the intestine. In muscle trichinosis, diaphragm, intercostal, tongue, throat, neck, shoulder, cheek, abdomen Small yellowish whitish cysts are seen in the muscles, close to the tendons, between the fibers; the flesh is pale and their surroundings are inflamed. The cysts are lemon-shaped and contain 2-7 larvae. The cysts become calcified in 6-9 months.
DIAGNOSIS: In live animals, a small piece is cut from under the tongue and from the side or tongue and crushed between two glasses. It is viewed with a magnification of x 40 in the microscope. It leads to definite results in serological and allergic tests.
In slaughterhouses, mostly in Pigs, small pieces of diaphragm and sublingual or tongue are cut and viewed with a Trichinoscope or Microscope at x 40 magnification and typical spiral (spiral) shaped larvae are seen.
PROTECTION: The most radical remedies for the fight against the disease Methods such as systematic search for Trichin in pork meat, destruction of parasitic meat, In Slaughterhouses and Pig Shelters: Frequent killing of rats and mice, Giving cooked leftovers to pigs, Avoiding dogs and cats in slaughterhouses. .
Trichin-containing meats are destroyed by burning, and if the amount of trichin is low, cooking for half an hour and eating are reliable remedies.
Today, giving Mebendazole and Praziquantel active ingredients to Domestic Pigs at regular intervals destroys the Trichin Tapeworm and Larva forms. In this way, Trichinosis Disease occurs in humans. It is very important for human health that people should not consume pork, and if they are going to consume it, they should consume Trichin-free pork that has been checked by a veterinarian.
HEALING: Tapeworm drugs with Mebendazole and Praziquantel active ingredients in the form of intestine, drugs with Mebendazole and Praziquantel active ingredients in Muscle Trichines are effective. Since the disease is lethal in humans, the treatment is done by staying in the hospital and using drugs for a long time.
Wishing you healthy days…
Specialist Dr.Ali AYYILDIZ
Veterinarian – Human Anatomy Specialist Dr.
