What is a polyp? Do bowel polyps cause colon cancer?

Polyps are masses that arise from cellular proliferation in the layer covering the inner surface of the large intestine and are located on the inner surface of the intestine. They can be millimeters or sometimes reach a few cm in size. About 90% of colon cancers develop from the base of the polyp. However, not all polyps lead to colon cancer. In particular, the tumoral potential of polyps called “adenomatous” is higher than other polyp types. In addition, polyps larger than 1 cm, sitting on the inner surface of the intestine with a wide base (sessile), numerous, and showing signs of bleeding may be high risk. A group of diseases called familial polyposis syndromes are characterized by numerous (tens, hundreds, sometimes thousands) polyps covering the inner surface of the intestine, and the risk of developing colon cancer in these cases is very high. Polyps found during colonoscopy can be easily removed. However, colonoscopic control may be required at certain intervals in line with the follow-up of a gastroenterology or surgery specialist. In order to prevent the development of cancer in individuals with familial polyposis syndrome, some or all of the intestines can be surgically removed. If cancer is found in a removed polyp, a complementary surgical intervention may be considered in order not to leave cancerous tissue behind.