The topic of long and healthy living and diet is something that everyone knows and more or less right or wrong lately.
It has become a subject to talk about. Especially with the unbalanced nutrition imposed by urban life on people, it is intense.
health problems caused by stress increase the interest in the subject. Mostly originating from the USA and Europe.
HOW APPROPRIATE the information is to our society is another matter of discussion. In line with market information
Almost everyone has tried to diet at least once. In this way, a ubiquitous
You can find the diet taken from the newspaper page. However, it should not be forgotten that “every diet is individual”. Miracles to you
The diets that recommend it are very low-calorie diets that usually contain only one type of food, and that may threaten your health. Fashion
diets have not been on the agenda lately. Here are some examples of trendy diets.
1-Atkins Diet;
It is a type of diet that is high in protein and low in carbohydrates. Since it is limited in carbohydrates; bread,
floury foods for example; Foods such as pasta, rice, fruit are prohibited. However, these types of foods are the basic elements of the organism.
foods that meet the energy deficit.
In this diet, where protein-based nutrition is at the forefront, excessive intake of protein causes some physiological problems in the body.
causing changes. Considering the function of protein in the body, especially the rapid metabolism
It provides work and weight loss. By disrupting uric acid metabolism when taken too much,
May cause uric acid build-up in the blood. By increasing the kidney load, it affects the kidney functions negatively.
It causes fluid loss from the body as well as calcium excretion. One of the negative effects
As a result of the high intake of saturated fat as a result of a protein-based diet, cardiovascular disease
increases the risk of diseases.
2-Montignac Diet;
The peculiarity of this diet is that protein and carbohydrates are not included in the same meal. Same as the dissociation diet
has features. In the content of each naturally found food, protein, carbohydrate, fat,
contains vitamins and minerals. These values differ according to the characteristics of each food. So this
Being able to follow the diet is completely utopian. Because it is normal to separate nutrients from food.
not possible under circumstances. Such a nutrition program is not suitable for the human body anyway. because the day
Just as we need to take all the nutritional elements in a meal, we can offer as much variety as possible in a meal.
we need to provide. Such decomposition diets lead to loss of muscle and bone mass, unhealthy weight loss.
cause losses. However, the fact that the montignac diet recommends foods with a low glycemic index
It is suitable for nutritional principles.
3- Zone Diet;
The first thing that stands out in the Zone diet is that the diet is based on the principle of not starving. Recommended number of meals
Considering the long-term hunger between morning and noon in this diet consisting of 4 meals,
it feels. This leads to a decrease in the performance of people during the most active working period.
Also, the 5-hour interval between breakfast and lunch causes prolonged hunger. Thus, the metabolic rate
starts to slow down. It is a diet generally recommended in anti-aging programs. Suitable for exercisers
may not be. The percentage of energy coming from carbohydrates is 40%, protein 30% and fat 30%. Again, carbohydrates
It is a low percentage for protein and a higher percentage for fat.
4- South Diet;
It is a diet with high protein content but restricting milk and its derivatives. Therefore, it is low in calcium-containing foods.
appears to have remained. Calcium is the most important mineral especially for bone and tooth development and health.
It should not be forgotten that the risk of osteoporosis will increase in later ages, especially in women.
The fact that carbohydrates are limited means that we cannot get enough energy and that energy is tried to be met from proteins.
known. It should not be forgotten that our diet is high in protein, which poses a threat to human health.
HEALTHY – HAPPY LIFE DRUG is hidden in food, knowing this secret HEALTHY LIFE
It should be kept in mind that it is the touchstone of his MIRACLE.
Evidence that unconscious diets disrupt metabolism:
Obesity; overnutrition, insufficient physical activity, heredity, neuro-endocrine factors, psychological problems, gender,
It occurs due to many different factors such as education level, marriage, number of births, smoking cessation, alcohol use.
it can come out. Whatever the reason, obesity can increase life expectancy with its complications as well as alone.
a serious illness that shortens and reduces quality of life; “Uncontrolled diets, headaches,
concentration disorder, nervousness, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, gall and kidney stones, heart rhythm
disorder, low blood pressure, menstrual irregularity, dry skin, hair loss.
GOLDEN RULES
1. It is necessary to determine how much weight the individual will lose before losing weight and how long it will take to lose that weight.
The body’s weight loss should not exceed half or one kilogram per week.
2. There is no standard diet to be followed by people, each diet should be applied individually. The diet to be given
nutritional habits, age, gender, work conditions, basal metabolic rate and health problems.
should be prepared accordingly.
3. In the diet, meals should be arranged to be consumed little by little and frequently, and meals should not be skipped. usually dieting
It is seen that individuals stay hungry all day and weaken their metabolism.
4. Diets are generally arranged as 3 main meals and 3 snacks. But snacks that are as important as main meals
is always omitted or omitted. Blood sugar starts to drop gradually 2-2.5 hours after the person consumes his meal.
begins and thus a feeling of hunger arises in the dieter. The purpose of snacks here is to reduce blood sugar and
To prevent the feeling of hunger.
5. Foods in each food group in the diet should be consumed in a balanced way.
6. At least 2-2.5 liters of water should be drunk during the diet.
7. Fruits and vegetables should be given a lot of importance in the diet. These foods are rich in vitamins and minerals.
They are rich and at the same time foods with high fiber content. Foods with high fiber content help with constipation problem.
It also helps with treatment.
8. One of the biggest mistakes made is observed in the periods after the weight loss period is over. Maintaining weight
In this period, when it is necessary to return to the eating habits that cause obesity.
9) Do not skip meals. Eat often and little. Eating three main meals and two snacks every day is the most appropriate choice.
10 ) Do not compromise on a balanced and varied diet. Avoid white flour, sugar and starchy foods. Each
Be sure to take enough protein (meat and dairy products) at mealtimes. Two servings of fruit and at least three servings each day
eat vegetables (1 serving of fruit should be the size of a tennis ball, vegetable fist).
11) Prefer healthy, less processed and unsaturated fats (especially olive oil): Also benefit from nuts
but consume fatty foods and nuts in moderation. such as full-fat dairy products, cream, cream, fatty meats
Avoid saturated fats. Don’t touch trans fats (fast food, chips, bakery and pastry products).
Avoid omega-6 oils (sunflower, corn oil, cottonseed oil).
12) Do not forget to add plenty of vinegar and lemon to your food. Vinegar and lemon reduce the glycemic load, gain weight.
it slows down. Limit your salt use. Salt both makes you eat a lot and increases water retention.
13) Do not pass any meal with salad Salad does not fill your stomach. Be sure to have a piece of protein with the salad.
you need to eat food (meat, chicken, fish, yogurt, cheese). Add the oil to your salads yourself. Mayonnaise and ready
Say no to sauce. Our experts recommend a teaspoon of olive oil or walnut and linseed oil.
mix.
14) Never fry your food Stay away from fries. Steaming instead of frying, prolonged in water
Use boiling, baking or poaching methods. Do not ground any food in flour or breadcrumbs, rather
you gain fat. Never rely on ready made sauces. Do not eat ready-made cakes, pastries, pastries. you are very happy
If it does, do it yourself at home and be content with a small piece. Fruit yoghurt (prepare your own)
Try to eliminate it with sweeteners and coffee added yogurt, milk desserts. Don’t be fooled by the fruit, our experts say.
15) Drink plenty of water frequently. Drink water whenever you can. Water is an inexpensive and calorie-free beverage. Sudan
When you are bored, fruit teas, other herbal teas and especially green tea are at your disposal. Not from coffee, but from excess.
be afraid. A cup or two of coffee can even speed up your metabolism. It is recommended not to exceed two cups a day. Fruit
Stay away from concentrates, sugar-added juices, or even 100% fruit juices while dieting.
You’d better stop. All kinds of drinks sold in bottles and cans (except water) contain a lot of sugar.
Diet drinks are also not recommended.
16) Reduce your dinner It is useful to complete your last meal of the day at least 2-3 hours before going to bed.
You should not drink alcohol while dieting. For social reasons, times of fun, rewards if you get really stuck
be content with a glass of wine!
17) Eat little, eat quality and good things One of the important points is low glycemic load carbohydrates, protein.
and being able to eat with healthy fats. Potatoes, white bread, white rice and
Stay away from pasta made from flour and foods made with white flour. Avoid large meals.
If you get hungry, you can eat again after 12 hours. If you have to eat the second serving, you can have a protein shake.
Prefer food (fish, meat, yogurt, cheese).
18) And other suggestions Don’t be weighed every day. Weigh yourself once a week, twice at the most. Better than losing weight
aim to look better, feel better, or improve your health. From time to time
Don’t be afraid to make loopholes, but don’t make mistakes too often. More natural grass green leafy foods;
spices such as basil, thyme, garlic, onion, chili flakes, isot, mustard.
The goal should not be to age, but to age healthier.
PHENYLKETONURIA AND DIET THERAPY
Phenylketonuria is one of the rare inherited metabolic diseases. A disorder that does not cause disease from its parents
A child who inherits the genes is born with phenylketonuria. In case the mother and father are carriers, each of this couple
The probability of seeing it in your child is 25%.
Phenylketonuria is still not known enough in our society and if it is not treated, the child will be disabled for life.
Children born with this disease have a substance called phenylalanine, which is found in protein foods.
they cannot digest the amino acid, as a result, phenylalanine and its residues accumulate in the blood and other body fluids,
It destroys the developing brain and in addition to the child’s severe intellectual disability, it also destroys the nervous system.
It can cause many other symptoms to occur.
Early recognition of the baby born with phenylketonuria without affecting the brain is very important. For this purpose
There is a screening test that can be applied to every newborn child developed. A special filter 72 hours after birth
2 drops of blood taken on the paper is enough for diagnosis. The sick baby is followed up with appropriate diet therapy in the first days of life.
Screening of all newborns for phenylketonuria in developed countries, as mental retardation can be prevented
has an obligation.
In this treatment, the nutritional status of the patient should be evaluated at regular intervals, blood phenylalanine and tyrosine levels should be measured and
His diet should be adjusted according to the measurement levels and his mental development should be monitored. Twice a week for the first 2 years, between the ages of 2-4
Blood phenylalanine level should be measured once a week, every 15 days between the ages of 4-10, and then once a month. Blood
phenylalanine levels between 0-12 years of age 2-6 mg / dl, after 12 years of age 2-11 mg / dl, pregnancy of the patient with phenylketonuria
It should be among the targets to keep it between 2-4 mg/dl during the treatment.
Although it should be applied very well during the first 8-10 years of life, diet therapy is lifelong.
should be. Patients with phenylketonuria, who were started on diet therapy in the neonatal period, should change their diet when they become adults.
If they are left behind, difficulty in perceiving and decreased attention develop. Breast milk is the healthiest growth and
It is an essential nutrient for growth. Infants with phenylketonuria should also be given phenylalanine-free mixtures with breast milk.
(medical formula) and with close monitoring of blood phenylalanine levels. Made works,
Babies with phenylketonuria who are breastfed in the first years of life have better growth and mental development.
shows. Currently, the only treatment for this disease is a phenylalanine-restricted diet, and this diet therapy,
family, a team of pediatricians specializing in metabolic diseases, dietitians and laboratory specialists
must be monitored by Mental and developmental disorders in patients who do not comply with diet therapy
Families with patients need to learn the diet very well. Mother’s first child is sick
If the second baby was born in the mother’s womb, it is determined whether the second baby is sick or not, that is, in the mother’s womb.
early diagnosis is possible. On the first day: 20 mg of phenylalanine is given to the sick baby. With the blood phenylalanine level for 6 months
weight and growth rate are monitored, 1 year and later: 20-30 mg of phenylalanine is given daily. Tolerated phenylalanine is obtained from the patient.
it depends on the patient. 200 mg/day for some, 150 mg/day for some. for others, the blood level of 600 mg/day is normal.
Special foods to provide the necessary protein for growth and to correct the serum amino acid imbalance.
Phenyldon, leofenelac, protein hydrolysates containing very little phenylalanine or mixtures without phenylalanine (
PKU, PKU2, PKU3) are used. These mixtures contain nutrients in different proportions.
their amino acid. The ingredients are also important. The ingredients are not transferred to breast milk in terms of amino acid composition.
has been approximated. Since phenylalanine is found in whole protein foods, a diet low in phenylalanine,
It also causes a protein-poor diet. However, infants and young children need certain nutrients for their rapid development.
They need large amounts of protein. (For 0-12 months, 2-2.5 gr. For 1-3 years old, 1.5-2 gr. 3 years and later, 1 gr.)
In the treatment, together with the specified special foods, foods that naturally contain the necessary phenylalanine
These are grains, vegetables and fruits. Most of the energy requirement is obtained from starch and sugar.
It is an important element to be kept in mind that must be met. During the infancy period, in addition to special food
As a result, it is recommended to make a nutrition plan using industrial baby foods or cow’s milk.
Foods containing less protein can be determined by both the child’s phenylalanine levels
may be granted on the basis of physical privileges. In terms of energy content, in a diet low in phenylalanine, liquid
Fats and carbohydrates are the most important energy sources. Sugar, honey, jam, molasses, liquid from natural sources
Energy can be obtained from foods such as oil, starch, lemonade, linden, tea. The nutritional suitability of the diet,
In addition to regular blood checks, it can be evaluated by measuring the weight, height and head quarters of children.
If there is a decrease in their growth rate, their diet should be adjusted again.
Lack of energy causes the blood phenylalanine level to increase. Therefore, in most reduced protein diets, supplementation
energy will be required. When adequate protein is given in the diet, the energy requirement is adjusted according to age.
Therefore, it is necessary to give additional energy in most diets with reduced protein. The success of the treatment
It is usually measured by checking for changes in blood phenylalanine and intelligence level. Indeed, PKU ( phenylketonuria
Problems such as phenylalanine deficiency or excess, non-compliance with diet, infections, inadequate diet
Recommended daily energy amounts: 125-150 kcal/g for 0-3 months, 120-140 kcal/g for 3-6 months, r for 9-12 months
110-120 kcal/gr, 1 year old and above (a) 1000+ wet x 100 (b) 70-80 kcal/gr. Fluid requirement, PKU
While adjusting the diets of children, fluid excretion should also be considered. Fluid requirements by age: 0-1 years 150-
175 cc/kg1-3 years 125 cc/kg3-6 years old 100 cc/kg 50-75 cc/kg for over 10 years old. Blood phenylalanine
level, increase in need with growth rate, insufficient intake of phenylalanine (vomiting, dietary refusal)
may vary due to reasons such as wrong measurement. In this case, symptoms such as inactivity, loss of appetite and vomiting
visible..
Increased phenylalanine level; infections, due to insufficient dietary intake of energy and protein.
This situation causes the destruction of tissue proteins, which causes changes in the blood picture.
It will be a forerunner..Excessive consumption of moderate and decreasing phenylalanine foods will also increase the phenylalanine level.
will raise.
For this reason, children’s diets include starch, low protein buns, biscuits, cola, which are calorie sources without phenylalanine.
beverages, sugary products should be added.
DURATION OF THE DIET AND THE RESULTS OF THE TREATMENT:
Starting the diet early affects the mental, spiritual and physical development of the child very positively.
There is no definite opinion. If the diet is not followed regularly in childhood, IQ (Intellgence Quotient) scores are 8-10.
It has been suggested that there is a decrease in
It has been reported that there is a decrease in EEG and changes in EEGs. In such cases, rather than ending the diet,
especially in patients around 8-10 years of age, opening the diet is more meaningful and positive in terms of the effectiveness of diet therapy.
will produce results. In this treatment, patients aged 0-8 should be supported with formula foods, after 8 years of age.
Providing 1-1.5 gr/ protein, restriction of animal foods rich in phenylalanine, healthy development of children
It is considered a suitable method for
A limited amount of cow’s milk or formula milk to meet the necessary phenylalanine in the newborn period,
It can be used by controlling blood phenylalanine levels. Apart from this, considering the amount of phenylalanine in its content,
from cereal group foods (such as bread, rice flour, biscuits) to the diet to contain the desired amount of phenylalanine.
can be added..
To explain with an example, a thin slice of bread is 12.5 g and contains 35 calories, 50 mg of phenylalanine, 1 g of protein.
One serving (vegetable replacement): 28 calories, 15 mg of phenylalanine, 0.5 g of protein.
One serving of fruit replacement: Contains 45 calories, 15 mg, 0.6 g of protein.
Amount(mg) Energy(cal) Phenylalanine(mg)
One thin slice of bread 12.5 35 50 1
One vegetable change 4YK 28 15 0.5
One fruit change 45 15 0.6
Butter and margarines are used in small amounts for energy deficit.
Sugar,oils,cornstarch,turkish delight,molasses,jam,honey,tea,linden,lemonade,cola drinks,energy deficit
can be used freely to meet
One change: It is the grouping of foods that contain equal amounts of phenylalanine, protein, and energy.
For example, when one change of vegetable is said, 75 g of tomato is equal to phenylalanine, and its protein energy is equal to 20 g of phenylalanine.
These change lists should be prepared for bread, vegetable, fruit and oil groups.
