WHY DIAGNOSTIC TESTS ARE DONE?
IN ADDITION TO THE DETAILED INTERNAL DISEASES (Internal Medicine) EXAMINATION, I wanted to examine the purposes of the diagnostic tests that are usually performed during each checkup one by one…
Complete blood count22 panel and Peripheral smear report(Blood diseases such as anemia, leukemia-lymphoma) Pre-screening is the most important test for pre-screening of vitamin deficiencies and immunity)
CRP (high-sensitivity) (the finding that rises rapidly in the acute period, which is the fastest and most sensitive indicator of the level of inflammation in the body, and decreases rapidly after recovery, is also associated with rheumatism and heart disease. indicator )
Sedimentation rate (One of the indicators of inflammation in the body, it is also called the hourly collapse rate of red blood cells. It increases in malignant diseases, rheumatism and inflammatory conditions, but decreases late even if we recover.)
ASO (The body created by streptococcal bacteria mostly increases in throat inflammations and high blood levels for six months.
RF Rheumatoidfactor (A rheumatic sign that can be mostly positive in Rheumatoid Arthritis disease)
Kidney and Liver Function tests, bile duct indicators
BUN (blood urenitrogen) It gives information about kidney functions and prostate.
Creatinine Gives information about kidney functions.
Uric acid Provides information about the screening of gout and kidney functions
Serum Sodium potassium chloride These are tests that question the causes of chronic, long-lasting fatigue and weakness. It gives information about daily salt intake for cramps, constipation.
TIT=full urinalysis Gives information about kidney functions.
ALT, ALT Liver damage tests.
GGT = gamma gt: Bile duct functions give an idea about fatty liver, alcohol consumption, bile laziness.
Totalbillirubin ,Direct billuribin: Used in the screening of Gillbert’s Syndrome, shows liver pancreas biliary tract functions
Albumin: It is the most important blood buffer. Nutrition is affected by kidney liver functions and blood diseases.
Cholesterol and genetic heart disease screening panel
Total Cholesterol: It is our total cholesterol amount in the blood.
LDL Used in the assessment of coronary heart disease risk. Heart-harmful cholesterol is measured. It has 4 main branches and is affected by hidden sugar.
HDL Used to assess the risk of coronary heart disease. Heart-healthy cholesterol is measured.
Triglyceride Also called sugar-related cholesterol. Its level is very high in genetic hyperlipidemias such as hidden sugar, insulin resistance, type 4 hyperlipidemia.
High LpA screening test (lipoprotein A) is synonymous with an increased risk of genetic heart attack. every individual should be checked at least once in their lifetime……..
Glycemic index and obesity risk panel (diabetes and obesity risk screening)Osteoporosis (bone loss) and osteomalacia risk screening
Fasting Blood Sugar
Postprandial Blood glucose 1 hour (applied instead of sugar loading test)
Fasting insulin (HOMA should be checked for insulin resistance measurement.)
HBA1C (with HpCL method) (the healthiest 3 months average blood glucose measurement. It is an expensive method.
25 (OH) vitaminD3 (vitamin d level)
Serum Calcium (used for screening diseases related to increase and decrease in calcium level)
Body metabolism fat muscle water with the original TANITA instrument measurement
Oxygen level measurement with pulse oximetry: Low oxygen capacity/saturation that may trigger insulin resistance is very important
Hepatitis marker ELISA screening
Anti HCV (All jaundice factors are screened)
Anti HIV
HBs Ag
Anti Hbs
Cancer and immune system tests (including hidden goiter)
CEA: It is the main sign in screening the immune system. directly indicates the risk of cancer.
Fecal occult blood: Indicates whether there is bleeding in the upper or lower digestive tract.
Helicobacter pylori antigen in stool: Screening of stomach microbe will help to end high-risk diseases that may be 93% positive in Turkey before they progress.
Anti TPO, antiTG: Screening for hidden and genetic thyroid disease (hashimoto, silent thyroiditis, etc.)
TSH, Free T3, Free T4: Goiter thyroid function tests
PSA total, PsaFree: Benign prostate enlargement in men, poor It is the best indicator of benign prostate cancer screening. All men over the age of 40 should be checked once a year.
Total testosterone, Free Testosterone: It is known as the male hormone in men. Sometimes it may not be congenital, but it usually decreases gradually after the age of 40. Like menopause in women, adrapos develops in men. We definitely look at testosterone levels because it is in the regulation of blood sugar and blood pressure. It is very important in the prevention of osteoporosis in men. Replacement therapy should be given.
Tm M2 PK test: It is the most advanced test of the last century, which screens for polyps or cancer in the digestive tract in stool, and informs us of this without the need for colonoscopy. If the test is positive or suspicious, colonoscopy is requested. It is announced as good news for those who are afraid of colonoscopy.
IGE test: It is an indicator of whether there is an allergic predisposition in the body. It can be used for scanning. 25 and above is significant.
OTHER DIAGNOSTIC TESTS
Thyroid Doppler-Elasto USG (by your internal medicine specialist) The blood supply structures of the Thyroid Gland are checked for nodules. With elastsonography, it is understood whether nodules below 1 cm are benign or malignant.
Whole abdominal USG (by your internal medicine specialist): Liver fat, gallbladder condition, pancreas structure, bladder and internal structures are evaluated whether there is a structural disorder in the kidneys.
ECG: Heart rhythm and functions are evaluated in a 6-channel ECG.
PFT (Respiratory Function Test): All lung capacity and functions are checked with the Spirolab MIRIII instrument.
TANITA metabolism fat muscle water measurement: Body metabolism age, intracellular extracellular edema amount, muscle, protein, mineral amount and needs are determined, and a personalized exercise and nutrition program is determined.
SHARE FROM KISSA:
The most important issue to be aware of is that the range set by the laboratory in diagnostic tests is not always the range determined clinically. For example, the serum level of vitamin B12 should not be below 500, but we see in many laboratories that the lower limit is 180, the upper limit is around 580 or 680. However, the most important information known is that the bone marrow reserve of people should contain 1500 mg of vitamin B12. As internal medicine specialists, we definitely start our patients with folic acid replacement for B12 levels that have fallen below 500. The same is true for many lab values. The clinician should evaluate the patient as a human and as a separate individual, not as a whole with book information.
Desired vitamin d levels in a patient with immunodeficiency are completely different.
It is necessary to request and interpret diagnostic tests correctly. For this, it is necessary to research very well.
It is very, very important to show the same delicacy in everyone’s physical examination, at least as much as in the laboratory. It may also be important to perform a physical examination of all systems from head to toe and to perform USG by the clinician in areas that require special expertise, such as thyroid. It is very important especially in special patients in terms of follow-up. It is also very important to listen to the patient’s history in detail and to question it correctly. The patient should feel very comfortable in the presence of his doctor and should be able to tell all kinds of problems.
