Pregnancy is a natural physiological event for women. The purpose of the pregnant woman’s nutrition is the mother’s own physiological
To keep the nutritional elements in the body in balance by meeting the needs of the fetus, normal growth of the fetus and
It is to fully meet the energy and nutritional elements required by the secreted milk.
The population group most affected by the problems of inadequate and unbalanced nutrition is children under the age of five, pregnant women and children.
are lactating women. Maternal health and nutritional status
It is important for the health, growth and development of not only the mother but also the baby she will give birth to. mother and child
It is not possible to separate the two from each other. Nutritional status of the mother before conception
It is important for the health of the mother as well as the health of the baby. For the protection of maternal health
Nutrition should be given importance from an early age. Young age (ie before the age of 18), which is common in our country
Since the woman who becomes a mother has not yet completed her growth period, her health is affected. Heavy physical work
Since pregnancy and lactation are added to the already increased energy expenditure of women who continue
She has to use her tissues and her health deteriorates even more since pregnancy intervals are short.
Depending on these conditions, the need for energy and nutrients increases during pregnancy. The amount of increase lived by the mother
It varies depending on climate, temperature, nutrition and physical activity status.
At the beginning of the factors affecting the birth weight of the baby; maternal age, interval between pregnancies, weight gain during pregnancy,
the mother’s pre-pregnancy weight.
Weight gain during pregnancy: Obese women, less than 11 kg during pregnancy
Even if they win, they give birth to a normal weight baby, if the mother is thin before pregnancy, the baby is low birth weight.
is at risk of being born.
The nutritional status of the woman before pregnancy is important and must be taken into account.
should be taken. Pre-pregnancy body weight should be determined if possible and evaluated according to standards.
Standards are used to determine body weight appropriate for height in adults. body mass index
It is a more practical method. Height is measured, written in meters and squared. The resulting digit is 20.
multiplied by the lower limit of the weight appropriate for the height, the upper limit of the appropriate weight for the height is found by multiplying by 25 (average 21).
Addition is made to the found value according to the gestational month. Low-birth-weight infants in people who were underweight before pregnancy
birth rate and risk of preeclampsia are high. This situation can be corrected by adding additional nutrients to the pregnant woman’s diet.
In people who were obese before pregnancy, many complications such as hypertension, diabetes, and birth difficulties are observed.
the risk increases.
It is important to monitor weight gain during pregnancy. Pregnant woman 0.5-1 kg every month in the first three months, the next
1.5-2.0 kg per month on average. should gain weight. Total weight gain of the mother during pregnancy (10-14
kg.) should be 12.5 kg ± 15%, on average. Gaining less than 7 kg endanger the health of mother and baby.
If the mother is obese before pregnancy, she should gain less weight. The importance of nutrition should be constantly explained to the mother. Moreover
It should be emphasized that when weight gain is low, the efficiency of breast milk will decrease.
CAUTION!
– During pregnancy, the mother should gain an average of 12.5 kg ± 15% (10-14 kg). (Months of pregnant and lactating
the main causes of nutritional problems; economic weakness, ignorance and related wrong practices,
low social status of women, low maternal age, heavy working conditions of women and family
planning is not implemented. Some foods are considered harmful during pregnancy and lactation due to beliefs.
and not consumed.
Morning Sickness (Nausea-Vomiting) There is no weight loss, the expectant mother does not lose fluids and electrolytes,
Mild nausea and vomiting complaints do not harm the baby. However, as a result of severe nausea and vomiting, the mother
If the fluid and electrolyte loss of the candidate is not taken into account and treated, the baby may be born with a low birth weight.
There is also a high risk of miscarriage.
Tips to Prevent Nausea and Vomiting
When you wake up in the morning, stand up in bed, sit for a while with your back to your back. Before getting out of bed
how many saltine crackers, dry bread, roasted chickpeas, etc., snack on starchy foods that will reduce stomach acid.
Get out of bed very slowly. During the day, reduce the amount of food in your meals, increase the number of meals. instead of 3 meals
meet your needs by dividing them into 6 meals. Avoid eating fatty foods, fried foods, oily meals.
Don’t take the food that you don’t want to hear the smell of and that you are disgusted.
Avoid fluid intake during meals to avoid overstuffing your stomach. (yogurt, fruit instead of tzatziki)
Consume fruit instead of compote, bread instead of soup) Do not consume foods that touch your stomach. Nothing you’re used to
Do not try the food during this period. Avoid very spicy foods.
Eat every 2 hours so that your stomach is not empty. Eat slowly, do not rush. after eating a food
If your complaints have increased afterward, remove that food from your list. But don’t think about not eating. By tasting food
find the irritant and do not consume it.
If you vomit more than twice a day, if you have other complaints throughout the day, consult your doctor.
If nausea and vomiting continue throughout the day, causing weight loss, not being able to eat, this is the case.
It is considered a disease that needs to be treated (Hyperemesis Gravidarum, that is, severe nausea of pregnancy).
It is absolutely necessary to be treated. Untreated hyperemesis may cause some risks for mother and baby.
increases. As a result of insufficient and balanced nutrition, vitamin and mineral deficiencies, anemia, cramps,
undesirable situations such as regression in the development of the mother, rapid weight loss of the expectant mother, hydration (water losses)
can develop. For this reason, watch yourself, if you sense an abnormal situation, you should definitely go to a health center.
contact. Because it may be necessary to give treatment with serum to provide water, vitamin and mineral support.
Anemia: Anemia is an important health problem in our country, especially due to iron and folic acid deficiency.
is seen. In pregnant women, iron deficiency anemia is diagnosed when the hemoglobin level falls below 11g/100mL.
is placed.
Reason; Low absorption rate of iron in the diet (plant-derived food), parasites,
excess, frequent births, miscarriages, and pica (soil eating). In addition, plasma increased by 50% due to pregnancy.
Despite the volume of red blood cells, the increase in the volume of red blood cells (20% increase) does not reach this rate. Hemoglobin
level, 11-12 g./100 mL. It provides the healthiest birth. In our country, pregnant and lactating
Level of anemia rate is 73.9% and 65.4%, respectively. Tachycardia, dizziness, fatigue,
fainting, pale color of lips and lower eyelids (normally red), difficulty breathing, face and legs
symptoms such as swelling. Premature births, perinatal and neonatal infants of anemic mothers
deaths are increasing.
Supplemental iron administration to meet the increased iron requirement during pregnancy reduces the use of zinc.
Hemoglobin level is 11g./100 mL. There is no need to use additional iron preparations. Each
Consuming foods containing vitamin C at meals increases iron absorption. Maternal hemoglobin per month
should be measured, the importance and symptoms of anemia should be taught to the mother.
Destruction of Bone Tissue (Osteomalasia): When the pregnant woman is malnourished, the production of bone tissue and
If he does not consume minerals such as calcium and phosphorus, which are necessary for his health, vitamin D as well as malnutrition
If they cannot benefit from the sun’s rays, which are their source, calcium and phosphorus are drawn from their bones. of bone tissue
its structure deteriorates, causing premature collapse. Disease caused by the withdrawal of minerals from bones
It is called osteomalasia.
Toxemia: Pregnancy toxemia is more common in women with inadequate and unbalanced nutrition. diastolic blood
When blood pressure rises above 90 mmHg (in 6-9 months), there is mild edema without proteinuria when there is edema in the legs.
When preeclampsia and proteinuria are present, severe preeclampsia is mentioned. For this; dietary protein, vitamins and
It is enriched with minerals, a salt-free diet is recommended. Energy is given at a normal level. Pregnant and lactating women
Other observed nutritional health problems such as dental caries, gingival bleeding, obesity, endemic goiter,
symptoms and edema due to riboflavin deficiency.
CAUTION!
When the mother is malnourished and unbalanced during pregnancy;
– The mother cannot gain weight, or even weaken. The balance of the reserve stores of nutrients in the mother’s body is disturbed. Mom
and child health is adversely affected.
– The mother may be without blood (anemia). Eating soil and clay also causes anemia.
– His legs and eyelids swell. This is a sign of not consuming enough protein.
– Gets tired quickly, working power decreases.
– Diseases are frequently caught and the recovery period is prolonged.
– Bone tissue destruction is seen. In addition to malnutrition, sunlight, which is a source of vitamin D,
If not, calcium and phosphorus are drawn from the mother’s bones. Bones soften, causing osteomalasia.
– Pregnancy poisoning (preeclampsia, eclampsia, toxemia) is seen.
– Maternal deaths occur.
– Stillbirth, premature birth (prematurity), underweight-weak child birth, physically and mentally handicapped child births
is seen.
As it can be seen, healthy nutrition in every phase of the miracle of life that starts from the moment the baby is conceived.
It is an indispensable element of a healthy life, I wish you all a lifetime of healthy days both mentally and physically…
