With the loss of weight, menstruation enters the system in women, ovulation is ensured and fertility increases
.
It is stated that pre-pregnancy cycle nutrition
can improve such adverse conditions with 5% weight loss.
The risk of hypertensive disorders, gestational diabetes, high
birth weight increases with the increase in BMI in the pre-pregnancy period.
The leptin concentration is high in obese individuals. It is suggested that high leptin levels with BMI may cause impaired reproductive
functions.
Obese and obese men were found to have lower testosterone levels
, lower sperm quality, and infertility more common when compared to both normal-weight men.
Approx. 9 kg in body load. An increase of 10% increases the risk of infertility.
It was observed that the spermatogenesis cycle could not be ensured properly under normal weight.
If the mother has calcium deficiency in the pre-pregnancy period and there is not enough Ca intake during pregnancy
, calcium is supplied to the fetus from the maternal skeleton. Therefore, maternal intake of Ca
should definitely be questioned in preconceptional care.
Increasing calcium intake during pregnancy is valuable for the bone health of the fetus and mother.
Iodine is the most important cause of preventable brain damage. The use of iodized salt should not be neglected.
Dead birth, mental retardation, cretisia, increase in neonatal and infant mortality, hypothyroidism
The risk of iodine deficiency should be evaluated in preconceptional care.
If there is iodine deficiency, 150microgram/day should be provided in the preconceptional period.
In preconceptional care, the expectant mother should be guided for a diet strong in Omega-3 fatty acids
.
340gr/week (1-2 servings) of fish should be consumed. More than half should not be canned.
If the woman is vegetarian in the preconceptional period, B12 supplementation should definitely be given.
EFFECT OF CIGARETTE: It has been observed that the semen quality
of the boys of mothers who smoked during pregnancy is also low.
Caffeine EFFECT: Studies have shown that high coffee or caffeine consumption (400-
800mg/day) is effective in delaying conception. For this reason, it was stated that the limit of 300mg./day caffeine
would be appropriate.
6 cups of tea/day or 3 cups of coffee/day should be the limit consumption in the preconceptional period.
EFFECT OF ALCOHOL: It is not safe to drink alcohol during pregnancy at any time. Fetal alcohol syndrome and other alcohol-related birth defects
can be prevented if women
stop drinking alcohol before pregnancy.
Women who want to become pregnant should limit their alcohol consumption to 1-2 glasses/week (such as wine and beer
)
There is a dose-related positive relationship between infertility and alcohol consumption.
Alcohol dependence can cause mental retardation, malformation, developmental delay and behavioral disorder
in the baby. These effects are dose dependent. When a mother drinks more than 4 glasses of alcohol
a day, 19% of babies are affected; With 2-4 glasses a day, this rate is around 11%.
THE VALUE OF TRAINING: Being healthy depends on both
a stable diet and systematic training. Therefore, it should be practiced regularly. By following a pre-pregnancy training program
, the chances of having a comfortable and active pregnancy increase.
PRECONCEPTIONAL OFFERS:
Pregnancy should be planned, appropriate changes in diet
should be made at least 3-4 months before conception.
Weight loss should be done if necessary
Attention should be paid to a sufficiently stable and quality diet, and food diversity should be provided.
Folic acid base should be made.
Physical activity should be increased.
Alcohol, cigarette etc. element should be discontinued.
If there is diabetes, PKU, a diet should be followed with Medical Nutrition Therapy.
In case of drug use, the dose and content should be adjusted.
Nutrition in Old Age
