Special education is defined as specially educated individuals who make up 14% of the world’s population and the activities carried out for their coexistence and integration with the society. In this article, brief information about the basic concepts of special education is given so that the society can see the disabled individuals and learn to live together.
BASIC CONCEPTS REGARDING SPECIAL EDUCATION
Disability/Disability
When the literature is examined, Engel can be defined as “the situation where the individual has limitations, difficulties or problems in fulfilling an expected role as a result of incompetence.
Special education
Studies involving the education and training of children who are separated from normal children in terms of body, mind, emotional and social development characteristics are called special education. Special education; It is carried out in an environment suitable for their disability and characteristics, with specially trained personnel, developed training programs and methods to meet the educational needs of individuals with special education needs.
Individuals in special education practices; It is at the forefront of regulating educational variables related to the prevention, reduction or elimination of important deficiencies and deficiencies in academic, communication and adaptation areas.
injury
When various sources about injury are scanned, it is generally defined as “Injury is defined as a temporary or permanent loss, structural or functioning disorder in an individual’s psychological, physiological or anatomical features that occur before, during and after birth.
Insufficiency
When various sources related to disability are scanned, disability in general is defined as “inability to perform all or partial functions due to damage to mental, physical, behavioral or sensory organs”. It also describes the inability to do something, the limited capacity to behave in a certain way.
If we explain the relationship between them with an example;
Injury: Damage to the brain stem as a result of a seizure
Inadequacy: The formation of retardation in mental functions as a result of damage to the brain
The most important situation in order to prevent inadequacy from turning into an obstacle is the provision of support special education services. While disability often does not turn into a disability with early diagnosis, early intervention and providing the right support, the limitations in the functioning of individuals who cannot receive support services in line with their unrecognized needs can turn their inadequacies into an obstacle.
Individual with Special Needs
Individuals with special needs are included in all age groups of the society and in the diagnosis of individuals with special needs;
- Visually impaired (blind, low vision)
- Hearing impaired (deaf, low-hearing)
- Those with language and speech difficulties
- Physically (orthopedically) handicapped
- Gifted and talented
- mentally handicapped
- Those with learning difficulties
- They are classified as ADHD.
Supporting individuals with special needs, as early as possible, in educational environments suitable for their needs, by using appropriate methods and equipment; It is important for them to use their capacities at the highest level. In addition, the ability of these individuals to fulfill their socially expected roles, responsibilities and developmental duties depends on their ability to benefit from the most appropriate special education service.
Psychological Counselor FURKAN DEMIREL
